Macrozoobenthos community plays an important role in material cycle and energy flow in riverine ecosystem. During June, 2003 to June 2004, an investigation on the life cycle and production of dominant species of macrozoobenthos community in a second-grade river of Hanjiang River catchment was carried out. From the upper reach to the lower reach of Heizhuchong stream, we chose six types of habitats to sample. Station 1(S₁) lied in the middle of the stream with big round rocks there in the upper reach, station 2(S₂) was in the inner part of a weir with cobble substratum, station 3(S₃) in the middle of a peacefully flowing section with gravel-sand bottom, station 4(S₄) at the side of the riparian with aquatic macrophytes and snags, station 5(S₅) was in the middle of the riffle, station 6(S₆) at the lower reach with a sewage outlet ca 100 meters upper. At each station, two quantitative samples were taken with a 167μm Surber net, and the samples were sieved with a 167μm net, sorted in a porcelain dish with naked eye. The specimens were kept in 10% formalin for later processing. The life cycle of Leptophlebia sp. and Ephemera sp. was analyzed by the monthly size frequency distribution, the cohort and annual production were estimated by size frequency method. The results showed that the dominant species Leptophlebia sp. and Ephemera sp. appeared to develop two generations per year, and there was a little overlap with the two generations of Leptophlebia sp., but it could not be a matter to make out the two generations. As far as Leptophlebia sp. was concerned, the pupation mainly occurred in fall and winter; while pupation of Ephemera sp. mainly occurred in summer and winter; the abundance and biomass of the Leptophlebia sp. population reached their highest peaks(913 ind.g·m^-2, 0.992 0 g·m^-2) in October and August,respectively, while the abundance and biomass of the Ephemera sp. population reached theirs(107 indg·m^-2,2.3639 g·m^-2) in June and March. The cohort production and cohort P/B ratio of the Leptophlebia sp. population were 19.0181 g·m^-2·a^-1 and 5.7, the annual production and P/B ratio were 38.0362 g·m^-2·a^-1 and 11.4. The cohort production and cohort P/B ratio of the Ephemera sp. population were 38.0159 g·m^-2·a^-1 and 5.9, the annual production and P/B ratio were 76.0318 g·m^-2·a^-1 and 11.8.

An economic microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis CH-1 was used as experimental material. An experiment of adding six grades of concentrations of Vitamin-B₁, Vitamin-B₁₂ and Vitamin-H respectively was conducted. Cell density, biomass, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid content were measured. The results showed that the growth of H. pluvialis was accelerated significantly by adding of Vitamin-B₁, Vitamin-B₁₂ and Vitamin-H respectively. The optimal adding concentration of Vitamin-B₁, Vitamin-B₁₂ and Vitamin-H respectively for H. pluvialis was 10 mg·L^-1, 50μg·L^-1, and 500μg·L^-1. Under the optimal concentration of Vitamin-B₁, Vitamin-B₁₂ and Vitamin-H respectively for H. pluvialis, cells density, biomass, chlorophyll-a and carotenoid content were enhanced with Vitamin-B₁:20.1%, 14.6%, 23.2% and 21.3%; Vitamin-B₁₂:29.5%, 30.0%, 28.0% and 24.4%; Vitamin-H:17.1%, 29.2%, 21.8% and 10.1% higher than the control respectively. On the mass culture of motile cells of Haematococcus pluvialis, properly adding Vitamin-B₁, Vitamin-B₁₂ and Vitamin-H respectively was effective for increase cells density, biomass, chlorophyll-a and carotenoid content.

Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC.Prodr is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The volatiles released from leaves and stems of A. lavandulaefolia in an airproof system significantly inhibited the seedling growth of Echinochloa crusgalli, Bidens pilosa and Celosia argentea. Compared to the corresponding control, root length, shoot length and fresh weight decreased by 43.3%, 30.8% and 35.7% for Echinochloa crusgalli, 29.2%,30.0% and 29.5% for Bidens pilosa, and 26.3%、15.4% and 27.9% for Celosia argentea L. Volatile oil obtained from the steam distillation of fresh leaves and stems also significantly inhibited the seedling growth of the three tested weed species. Compared to the corresponding control, root length, shoot length and flesh weight decreased by 71.5%,54.8% and 30.5% for E. crusgalli, 40.9%,49.2% and 39.1% for B. pilosa, and 78.8%, 29.1% and 34.1% for C. argentea L, The results indicate that volatiles from A. lavandulaefolia have allelopathic potentials against weeds.

Annual variation of Alexandrium population.in Daya Bay, the South China Sea, were investigated.The influences of environmental factors on the population dynamics were analyzed at six stations in Daya Bay from July 1997 to June 1998. The abundance of Alexandrium sp. was found higer in spring from April to May than those in other seasons in the area. The highest cell density was 20400 cells·L^-1. The temperature and salinity range were 22.8～30.0℃ and 25～30‰ respectively with the high cell density occurring. During the high density cell seasons of the Alexandrium population, the N/P ration was above 16. The concentration of DIN remained the high level. So the Alexandrium sp had more competitive advantages than other alga populations when the concentration of DIP was low. Fe may be the limiting factor of the population growth.

The growth effect of Haematococcus pluvialis three strains CH-1、UTEX-16 and CS-321 cultured in different culture medium BBM, BG-11, JM, respectively were studied and compared. In order to gain the best strain for mass culture, the cell density, dry weight, astaxanthin content of the algae were determined and compared. The results showed that the cell density, dry weight, Astaxanthin content of strain CH-1 was higher than that of others in each medium. The final cell density of CH-1 cultured in BBM got to 59.8×10⁴cell·mL^-1, the dry weight was 0. 527 g·mL^-1 and the astaxanthin content was 3.55 mg·mL^-1.

A laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate effects of food from a eutrophic lake on the growth and reproduction of Daphnia hyalina from Liuxihe Reservoir(E:113°46', N:23°45'). The food was natural sestons from Minghu Lake, a eutrophic lake located in Jinan University, Guangzhou. The natural sestons from Minghu Lake were got by filtering with 38μm and 110μm mesh, and then diluted the two types of natural sestons with water filtered with 0.45μm mesh to get the other two kinds of food. The longest body length, the somatic growth rate and lifespan decreased as the natural sestons was diluted. D. hyalina had the longest body length of 2.63mm and the highest somatic growth rate of 0.0314 mm·d^-1 under the sestons filtered with 110μm mesh. The longest lifespan of 65 days under the sestons filtered with 38μm mesh. Under the natural sestons after dilution, the zooplankton has a body length at maturity of 1.46 mm, longer than that under natural sestons without dilution. The highest intrinsic rate of increase was 0.42 at the natural sestons filtered with 110μm mesh without dilution. Food concentration, rather than food size, appeared to influence more importantly the growth and reproduction of Daphnia hyalina. The experiment revealed that the food from the eutrophic lake in the winter did not inhibit the growth and reproduction of Daphnia hyalina.

Some filamentous Cyanobacteria are potentially harmful to the safety of drinking water, but it is difficult to remove them in the process of water treatment. In some place of South China Pseudanabaena sp. and some cyanobacteria grow awfully in raw water ponds. Despite various methods had been used to control the growth of cyanobacteria in these ponds, no one were ever found to take effect long, thus it is necessary to search for new methods. As previous studies showed that barley straw was very useful in controlling the growth of some freshwater algae and they had no negative effects to local environment and ecosystem, the aim of present study is to find out whether or not barley straw could control endemic cyanobacteria, especially Pseudanabaena sp. in local raw water, if so, how long it may take. An application of 5 g·m^-3 barley straw were made in a sedimentation pond from March 2005 to May 2005, another sedimentation pond was used as a control pond without dosage of barley straw in the same time. It showed that Barley straw began to rot away in the second month after the treatment, then inhabitation of the growth of some algae were shown. The results suggested that the application of barley straw to suppress the growth of Pseudanabaena sp.was long-lasting and effective. Under local climatic conditions, it took one to two months for barley straw to take effects.

This study was undertaken to test inhibitory effect of extracts from Eichhornia crassipes on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense. The concentration of the extracts is indicated by the mass of fresh tissue of E. crassipes in the study. The results showed that the growth of P. donghaiense was strongly inhibited by the aqueous extracts from fresh tissue and dry powder of E. crassipes when concentration was above 2 g·L^-1. When the concentration is 8 g·L^-1, all algae were killed by the extracts from fresh tissue in four days and from dry power in five days. The inhibitory effect was not apparently reduced after extract from fresh tissue was autoclaved for 20 minutes at 121℃. These studies have shown that the algaecide chemicals of E. crassipes were in the tissue of the plant, they might be a potential candidate for HAB control.

Six microalgaes, including Scrippsiella trochoidea, Phaeocystis globosa, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis tetrethele and Haematococcus pluvialis were studied.Their fluorescent value of different kinds and concentrations of microalgaes were determined with using TD-700 Fluorometer. Compared with cell counting and chlorophyll-a content measure, it shows a very good linear interrelation between the cell density, chlorophyll-a content and fluorescent value. So the method using TD-700 Fluorometer to determine the microalgal biomass is a quick and reliable method which can reduce artificial error, increase high consistency and operational simplicity.

The sediments of 10 sites(E 122°~123°30',N 29°~32°) about 15cm in length were collected from Changjiang River Estuary during April, 2004 to investigate the horizontal and vertical distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in this area. Twenty-four dinoflagellate species were identified in the sediments from 30 samples of which 13 heterotrophic protoperidinium cysts dominated in the cyst assemblages with the average concentration of 157 cysts·g^-1 DW. Two Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning(PSP) producing toxic species, Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour) Balech and Gymnodinium catenatum Graham were found, which distributed in a large range but the concentration was low. Cyst species richness in each sample varied from 11 to 18, and the concentrations rage from 189~846 cysts·g^-1 DW. The highest cysts concentration was obtained at D6, a site which is far from estuary, and the lowest was D1 that located in the northernmost. Compared with other sea areas, the cysts concentration of Changjiang River Estuary was low. The value of Shannon-Weaver diversity index(H')varied between 2.57~3.27, which had a high relative index with the concentration of the cysts, negatively r=-0.72. Results of vertical distribution of dinoflagellate cysts showed that cysts concentration from three different depth of sediment layers were 351 cysts·g^-1 DW、412 cysts·g^-1 DW、432 cysts·g^-1 DW, and the values of Shannon-Weaver diversity index were 3.22、2.95、2.98.

Dunaliella salina was used as the stuff for our experiment, and f/2 culture medium were used as the culture medium. Set eight salinity treatments(15、20、25、30、50、70、90 and 110). And in two phases which the one before the salinity changed(A) and the other after the salinity changed(B), the growth status of Dunaliella salina under different salinity treatments were studied and some index were tested such as the value of OD、the content of chlorophyll-a and β-carotene、the content of dissolvable protein and carbohydrate. So the result showed that in the first stage(A), Dunaliella salina under some low salinity treatments(15、20、25 and 30) grew well, especially under the salinity treatment(20); but for the other ones, the salinity was higher, their growth were affected much more. In the second stage(B), when the growth of Dunaliella salina went to the exponential phase, the cell density, content of chlorophyll-a、β-carotene of this algae under the four salinity treatments(50、70、90、110 ) had all exceeded the one which grew under the salinity(20) treatment evidently. And at the end of the second stage(B), the content of protein and carbohydrate of Dunaliella salina under the salinity(15) treatment had increased compared with the one at the end of the first stage(A), but the content of protein and carbohydrate of Dunaliella salina grew under other salinity treatments had all decreased.

The antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves of Alternanthera philoxeroides seedlings, an alien invasive species, were investigated under 2℃ and 8℃ low temperatures compared with the normal temperature 28℃. The results were as follows. As for malondialdehyde(MDA) and membrane permeability, there were only a little changes under 8℃, but they showed significant increases after 36h under 2℃. The activities of cell protective enzymes-superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) increased significantly in 12h and then decreased gradually under 2℃. Moreover, CAT activity was inhibited more severely than those of SOD and POD activity after 48h by 2℃ low temperature stress. 3 cell protective enzymes SOD, CAT and POD activity all increased significantly in 48h under 8℃, but they changed less than those under 2℃. It gave us a hint that 8℃ low temperature stress probably could not inhibit, but promote cell protective enzymes activity in 48h for leaves of A. philoxeroides seedlings. When the seedlings stressed by low temperature were subjected to normal temperature, there were little difference between the seedlings under 8℃ and the seedlings under normal temperature after 10d; however, some morphological differences of the seedlings appeared under 2℃.

The habitat of a rare minnow Tanichthys albonubes in Conghua town, Guangdong province was investigated form June 2005 to December 2005, and water quality, sediment and plankton were quantified. The water quality of the habitat was better in June and December than in other months. Total nitrogen in water bodies was high in August, and high concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus appeared in October. The COD was high in all months. The contents of nitrogen and organism in sediment were high, however, the contents of phosphorus was low. The max density of phytoplankton and zooplankton in water bodies appeared in August. In other months the quantity and species were low. There were fewer species but larger quantity in both of Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta than diatoms.

The study on meteorologic change affecting the water consumption before was more concerned about water resource macroscopic allocates. Oppositely the study about meteorologic factor affecting the water consumption in middle and small-scale district are not so much. This paper intends to analysis water supply and consumption's response to the meteorologic change in Guangzhou city. It selects four meteorologic factors:the annually average temperature, humidity, precipitation and sunshine hours. It makes correlate analysis on water supply and consumption with each meteorologic factor. Also it analyzes water consumption's sensitivity to meteorologic changes. Finally it makes a tendency analysis about the meteorologic change's effect on the amount of water consumption. The study suggests that water supply and consumption have direct proportion relativity with the annually average humidity and sunshine hours, and have inverse proportion relativity with the annually average temperature and precipitation in Guangzhou city. The living water consumption's response to meteorologic change is more sensitive than that of productive water consumption. And the influence of meteorologic change on the amount of water consumption will be in an increasing tendency.

Uncoupling protein 2 could cause oxidation phosphate uncoupling. The cDNA fragment encoding 167 amino acids of 502 bp from the liver of Taiwan snakehead(Channa maculata) were obtained by using PCR two degenerated primers. Comparison of the amino acids of Taiwan snakehead UCP2 with red sea bream(Pagrus major), Carp(Cyprinus carpio), Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella), Zebrafish(Danio rerio), rat(Rattus norvegicus), mouse(Mus musculus) and human(Homo sapiens) UCP2 showed that, identity respectively is 91%、73%、72%、71%、71%、70%、70%. The high homology between the UCP2 gene of freshwater fish and mammals may explain the special function of this gene UCP2 may be a mechanism for decreasing the concentrations of reactive oxygen species(ROS) inside mitochondria.

The acute toxicity of two sorts of pharmaceuticals, Trichloroisocyanuric acid and Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride to Chlorella vulgarrs, Daphnia magna and rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus) were studied in this article. The result showed that 96hEC₅₀ of TCCA and CPFX to Chlorella vulgarrs were 0.31mg·L^-1 and 20.61 mg·L^-1, 0.19mg·L^-1 and 135.15mg·L^-1 for 48hLC₅₀ of TCCA and CPFX to Daphnia magna and 1.76 mg·L^-1 for 96h LC₅₀ of TCCA to rare minnow, respectively. No acute toxicity of CPFX was found on rare minnow. For the toxicity test of TCCA, Daphnia magna was most sensitive, rare minnow was the least; for CPFX, Chlorella vulgarrs was the most sensitive, and rare minnow was the least.

The fresh faecal and dated faecal of black muntjac(Muntiacus crinifrons) were collected, and their DNA were extracted. For comparing the extraction efficiency, the muscle tissue and skins samples of black muntjac were extracted. The electrophoresis results showed that this method can efficiently extract faecal DNA from black muntjac's faecal samples. This method overcame previous barriers to molecular scatology, new approach is developed for noninvasive samping of black muntjac and chinese sika deer. Noninvasive samping can expand the extension of sampling for genetic population structure and genetic diversity of highly endangered cervid.

The status of organic pollution of six river segments was investigated during dry season. Organic compounds in the water samples were analyzed using liquid-liquid extraction and GC-MS qualitative/quantitative method. A total of 34 organic compounds were detected with relatively high concentrations for alkanes, fatty acids, phthalate and alcohols. Comparative analysis of organic compounds in these river segments showed that the number of organic compounds detected in south river samples was small and the concentrations were generally low. In addition, the abundance of the main pollutant- Phthalate was low,which showed that south river was relatively lightly polluted. West river I samples had similar number and amounts of organic compounds to the south river samples, but contained relatively high concentrations of Phthalate, which indicated that west river was moderately polluted. Water samples from the east, north and west river Ⅲ had large quantities of organic compounds and high concentrations, including abundant phthalate, which indicated that these river segments were relatively severely polluted.

The micronucleus test in Vicia faba root tip cell was utilized to detect the water quality of River in Shaoguan City.The MCN‰ and PI were determined and the F-test was used to evaluate the statistical difference in Vicia faba MCN‰ among six samples. The results showed that Each of samples can makes the micronucleus frequency go up, The micronucleus frequency in Mengzhouba, Qujiang bridge, Wujiang bridge, Gao bridge, Changba and Shiliting reach 10.73‰, 7.94‰, 5.98‰, 5.85‰, 5.78‰ and 4.45‰, PI reach 3.04, 2.25, 1.69, 1.66, 1.64 and 1.26. According to Divide the standard of PI, the sample in Shiliting was not polluted, the samples in Wujiang bridge, Gao bridge and Changba were polluted lightly, the samples in Mengzhouba and Qujiang bridge were of Medium pollution. This suggests that the water quality of river in Shaoguan city was partly polluted to different degrees except the sample in Shiliting.

The toxic effect of DMP on three marine microalage, Dunaliella salina, Pavlova viridis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum is studied by a 96 h acute toxicity experiment, the endurance of the algae to DMP and the interaction between them are discussed as well. The results showed that DMP did inhibit the growth of three algae. The growth inhibition rates of DMP to three algae are 22.9～93.1%、42.1～82.2% and 61.9～92.2%, respectively when compared with the control. EC₅₀ of DMP to Dunaliella salina, Pavlova viridis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum are 103.3,43.9 and 0.12 mg·L^-1, respectively.

The regions were urbanized more and more rapidly in Zhujiang Delta. The Urban Heat Island(UHI) became more and more serious and affected the ecological environment seriously. The research of UHI and its environmental effects was propitious to the city planning and its continuable development. The non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 was used to simulate UHI and its environmental effects in Guangzhou with four-fold nesting and the finest mesh resolution of 1 km. The air temperature from MM5 and automatic weather stations(AWS) was very close at 11:00, and the land surface temperature(LST) from MM5 and the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+) had similar characteristic. The result shown the project of MM5 could simulate UHI and its effects well and truly. The UHI appeared with the Urban Dry Island(UDI). The Urban Heat Island intensity(UHII) was less at 02:00 and 11:00 than at 20:00, and the relative humidity had the reverse change characteristic. The prevailing wind directory and speed were changed in the regions of UHI. The result also showed that wetland landscape, urban green-land and river availably divided up the UHI and UDI, and caused their fractions increasing. Therefore, the three landscapes adjusted the urban climate effectively.

The ecosystem services of Tianhe Park were valuated by market valuation method, shadow engineering method, product cost method and substitute expense method in this paper. The results showed that the total ecological value was estimated up to 1404.87 million Yuan per annum, of which, about 1349.56 million Yuan was the value in real estate, about 50.00 million Yuan came from tourism income, about 0.44 million Yuan from the production of the standing trees, about 2.88 million Yuan from water holding and water cleaning, about 0.24 million Yuan from soil conservation, about 1.10 million Yuan from CO₂/O₂ balance, about 0.17 million Yuan from climate regulation, about 0.21 million Yuan from air cleaning, and about 0.28 million Yuan from hygiene.

The ecotourism has been given much attention for people in Pearl River Delta, but the status quo of ecotourism has some disadvantages, so it is essential to evaluate the condition of sustainable development of ecotourism in the Pearl River Delta from five aspects. The regional condition, tourist resource market, natural environment, social economy and ecotourism resources are considered. Based on the evaluation results, the regional features and regional differences of ecotourism development from the "Golden Delta" region and the "non-Golden Delta" region are analyzed. It is found that the ecotourism development is extremely imbalanced in Pearl River Delta. The capital used in ecotourism development in the "Golden Delta" region is abundant, but it also has some problems. For example, the distribution of ecotourism resources are so centralized that the market competition is too impetuous. And the developing pattern of ecotourism is unitary. The ecotourism development in the “non-Golden Delta” region is too late, so the basal establishment need perfect. Aiming at achieving the sustainable development of ecotourism, some countermeasures are suggested:developing the natural ecotourism which as a resort; establishing the characteristic cultural ecotourism which can be integrated the Lingnan' culture.

Based on the industrialization and technology development of GMO, the paper described the technology and industrialization of GMO products. And the research analyzed the rapid globalization of GMO crop planting and trading. It also discussed the potential problems of safety about environment、natural ecology and human body due to GMO sharp growth. Long term impact to ecosystem was also indicated by GMO. International GMO management patterns were described:product-base management and process-based management. Alternative environmental management suggestions were probed to deal with the circumstance:enhance international and regional dialogue and corporation、build environmental protection regulation system、improve the GMO monitoring and assessment ability、popularizing general GMO knowledge.

As a most commom algal toxin in entrophic freshwater body, microcystin can be produced by the bloom-forming Cyanophyta microcystis. The amount of microcystin from blue-green algae has been affected by different factors of their hereditary and environmental factors. It has become potential hazardous material in aquatic environments for its toxic, distribution and stability. The characters, toxigenesis and fate of microcystins also became the focus of research. Based on the internal and overseas research situation, the research development of microcystin in characters, production mechanism and the mutually action between aquatic environment and aquatic biology, and the influences between microcystinsis and aquatic biology were discussed, which provide a precondition to the microcystins prevention.