The micronucleus test in Vicia faba root tip cell was utilized to detect the water quality of River in Shaoguan City.The MCN‰ and PI were determined and the F-test was used to evaluate the statistical difference in Vicia faba MCN‰ among six samples. The results showed that Each of samples can makes the micronucleus frequency go up, The micronucleus frequency in Mengzhouba, Qujiang bridge, Wujiang bridge, Gao bridge, Changba and Shiliting reach 10.73‰, 7.94‰, 5.98‰, 5.85‰, 5.78‰ and 4.45‰, PI reach 3.04, 2.25, 1.69, 1.66, 1.64 and 1.26. According to Divide the standard of PI, the sample in Shiliting was not polluted, the samples in Wujiang bridge, Gao bridge and Changba were polluted lightly, the samples in Mengzhouba and Qujiang bridge were of Medium pollution. This suggests that the water quality of river in Shaoguan city was partly polluted to different degrees except the sample in Shiliting.