According to different land use systems(forest land,cropland,orchard land,rice field and bare land)and different soil types,soil samples were obtained in different regions of Guangdong Province,and amount of microbes,including bacteria,fungi and actinomyces,and soil nutrients were analyzed.The experimental data showed that there was a positive relationship between soil microbial population and soil fertility status,and the total amount of microbes was 1.0×10⁶ ind·g^-1dry soil or more in most soils of Guangdong province.Differences of soil microbial amount were found in different areas,soil microbial amount in east region(the number of Chaoshan region is 7.77×10⁶ ind·g^-1dry soil)were higher than those in west region(the number of Zhanjiang region is 1.6×10⁶ ind.·g^-1dry soil),it was lowest in Guangzhou area(the number is 1.35×10⁶ ind.·g^-1dry soil).There also was difference of soil microbial amounts among different land use systems,i.e.total microbial amounts from high to low were in forest land> vegetable planting land>rice farmland>orchard land>dry cropland>bare land.The microbial biodiversity had a decreasing trend in most soils of Guangdong province.