Estimation of potential productivity of agricultural land for a region could gain information on climatic productivity, harmony degree of agricultural resources and regional differences. This paper reports that a universal model for evaluation of land potential productivity was chosen and revised as an evaluation model for agricultural land resources of Northeast China. With this model and GIS technology, climate potential productivity of main crops, such as maize and soybean, in Northeast China was calculated. In addition, spatial differences of use ratio of agricultural natural resources in Northeast China were also analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference between photosynthetic potential productivities of different areas. However, the differences between photosynthetic and thermal potential productivities in different locations were very significant. Photosynthetic and thermal potential productivities were increasing from northern to southern part because of the large latitude span of the study area. Zonal distribution of rainfall in growing season of different locations led to comparatively big discrepancies between climatic potential productivities. Climatic potential productivity was increasing from western to eastern gradually. There were big differences among use ratios of agricultural natural resources in the whole Northeast plain. The resource use ratios of western part of Northeast China were lower than that of eastern part, which means that there may be a big potential to increase crop yields in western part.