The present paper studied the light spectrum distribution, vertical attenuation coefficient, light reflection and lightabsorbance of phytoplankton in waters of the Pearl River mouth, Results showed that the attenuation of red and blue was greaterthan that of green, the intensity of green was relative great in deep water because of absorbance peak of phytoplankton at redand blue, and non-algal particle at blue and violet; radiance reflection of green was greater than that of blue and red. There wasan intensive reflection at the upper part of the water, it maybe due to greater concentration of phytoplankton.

Micro-alga Tetraselmis tetrathele was used as experimental material. In the initial time of experiment, T.tetrathele had been treated under a stress of light limitation (500 Lx) for ten days, while in the later time, it had been cultured for ten daysafter re-inoculated and recovered normal light (5 000 Lx), and the normal light (5 000 Lx) culture was used as all the controls.In the course of the experiment, density of cells, content of intracellular protein, content of intracellular carbohydrate and otherindexes were determined. The result showed that the treated group had a more amount of cell growth than the control group(P<0.05) in the initial time (1～2 d) after light recovery,that is, the treated group had a higher average relative growth rate, amore number of cells, a more biomass and a higher chlorophy11-a content than those of the control group, in addition, themaximal rate of net cells increase was 31.6%, and the maximal rate of net biomass increase was 34.8%. Meanwhile, theintracellular protein, the intracellular carbohydrate and the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P/C) changed under the stress oflight limitation, but all of them would return to their initial levels in the following culture after light recovery. The character of T.tetrathele had a more amount of cell growth showed that the micro-algae had an overcompensatory ability.

The hemocytes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Procambarus clarkii were studied. Three kinds of blood cells,the hyline hemocytes, the semi-granular hemocytes and granular hemocytes were distinguished according to the N/P ration ofcells, the distribution and size of granules. The numbers of the hemocytes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Procambarus clarkii were 1.02±0.21×10⁷ Ind·ml^-1 0.85±0.15×10⁷ Ind·ml^-1, respectively.The hemocytes of the two shrimp weresignificantly different in granules. The staistics show that the hyline hemocytes, the semi-granular hemocytes and granularhemocytes of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii were 21.3±6.3%, 45.7±2.5%, 3.0±6.8% in the total amount of blood cells. Thepercentage of these cells of Procambarus clarkii were 12.0±5.8%, 49.5±5.1%, 38.5±9.5%, respectively.The hemocytes of threekinds were significantly different in N/P ration and size of the same species shrimp.

A study on the botanical composition, aboveground biomass and stand species diversity was carried out ingrasslands under different grazing intensities in the Xilin River basin in Inner Mongolia. The grassland near the village weremore intensively grazed than the stands away from the village. Lightly grazed stands were basically dominated by Leymuschinensis and Stipa grandis. By contrast,Cleistogenes squarrosa dominated the intensively grazed stand. The biomass variedfrom 303 g·m^-2 in lightly srazed stand to 127.3 g·m^-2 in intensively grazed stand. Stand species diversity indices were 3.13-3.64 irrespective of grazing pressure. The stand quality under varying pasture conditions was evaluated using a standquality index (SQI). The SQIs were 278 for an intensively grazed stand and 667 for a lightly grazed stand. which was located4km away from the village. Thirteen years of enclosure improved the SQI of the grassland from 420 to 624.

Organic-inorganic minerals were used to modify chemical potassium fertilizer, and imprive its long effect. The potexperiment shows that modified potassium fertilizer increase the biomass of corn in second batch.X ray shows that thestructure change of modified potassium fertilizer is relative to the interlayer property, the suitable proportion the thephysical-chemical condition of modified materials. The IR of chemical potassium chloride fertilizer is weak. And it has amacromolecule pigmentation layer.After organic-inorganic modification, the macromolecule pigmentation layer is beendestroyed. While the destruction of macromolecule pigmentation layer doesn't decrease the availability of potassium. Reversal,the controlled release action of organic-inorganic (minerals) non-envelope is longer than the macromolecule pigmentation layer.

The pollutants within Oyster cultured in the coastal water of Shenzhen, Cu、Pb、C、Zn、Ni、total Cr、total Hg、inorganic As and oil were determined from Apr.25th to Aug. 22th of 2002. The contents of pollutants and thebioconcentration ability Oysster on seawater pollutants were analyzed, and quality state of organisms and seawater wereevaluated. The results showed that the pollutants contents in Oyster in Daya Bay were lower than that collected in Shenzhen Bayand the Pearl river estuary.The samples of Daya Bay are eatable in case of adopting reasonable culturing depurative methods,while the samples of Shenzhen Bay and the Pearl river estuary were deeply effected by pollutant.The order of concentrationfactor within Oyster was Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>total Cr>Ni>total Hg. The concentration factors of Zn、Cu、Cd were more higherthan 1000.

The daily dynamics of primary microclimatic factors in the succession of karst vegetation were studied within therepresentative karst regions which locate in different climatic zone, Guangxi Province. The results indicated that the lightintensity, air femperehue and soil temperature of the rocky desertification and herbage stages were high, and the relativehumidity (RH) was low, moreover the variation of the microclimatic factors was obvious; the light intensity and air temperatureunder canopy of the shrub stage were lower and little variation, while it was reverse over the canopy, in the deciduous broadleafforest and evergreen and deciduous mixed broadleaf forest stages, the light intensity, air fempenhre and soil temperature weregreatly decreased as well as the RH was higher, and the daily dynamics of primary microclimatic factors was stable. Thedynames of primary microclimatic factors was mainly related to the community structure and species components.

When the thylakoid membranes of brown alga Undaria pinnatifida were solubilized by DMG and subjected to PAGE intwo electrophoresis systems, there were eight kinds of pigment-protein complexes separated in Tris-Gly system, and they were CPⅠ a、CPⅠ、LHC₁、CPa、LHC₂、LHC₃、LHC₄、LHC₅. In Tris-Boric acid system, five kinds of pigment-protein complexes wereisolated, and they were CPⅠ、CPa、LHC₁、LHC₂、LHC₃. The absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were measured andcompared. The results show that the characteristics of the sane kind of pigment-protein complexes resolved from differentelectrophoresis systems are similar.

The kinetics analysis of copper onto the Rhodospirillum was investigated. Under the experimental conditions, thebiosorption equilibrium was achieved within 45min, the most biosorption capacity could reach 48.23 mg·g^-1. In order toanalyze the biosorption kinetics of Cu²⁺, the pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to thedata. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted well with the experimental dam. It was found thatEDTA and citric acid were the effective eluants for the elution of adsorbed copper by Rhodospirillum,the elution efficiencywere 86.4%, 66.9%, respectively. The abio-acid and the abio-salt were the noneffecive eluants,the elution efficiences were allabout 20%. The analysis of the X-ray diffraction spectra indicated that the bacteria did not form new crystal after the adsorptionand some of the crystal of the bacteria had transformed into non-crystal.

The effects of nitrate and nitrite pollution in drinking water source on cancer mortality were explored. The data ofNitrate. Nitrite for the drinking water sources and cancer mortality for Guangzhou city from 1991 to 1998 were collected, andtheir correlations were analyzed. The results showed that there was a positivc co-relationahip between the total concentation of N-nitrate together with N-nitrite in drinking water source and cancer mortality (R²=0.76, P<0.05). Study on the districts ofGuangzhou city showed a high correlation between N-nitrite and cancer mortality(R²=0.56, P<0.05), and the correlationbetween N-nitrate and cancer mortality was also high(R²=0.66, P<0.01). It indicated that from 1991 to 1998, the increase incancer mortality with the years among residents of Guangzhou city was relatal to the increasing concentration of nitrate andnitrite in the drinking water sources. The results showed the possibility that the nitrate and nitrite in drinking water source wereimportant factors which could induce cancer.

Interspecific association among 15 populations of arborous layer and 9 shrub layer of the secondary forestcommunity was analyzed by the method of variance ratio(VR), means of Chi-square test, the 2×2 contingency tableanalyses and percentage co-occutring in Maofengshan. In general, 15 populations of arborous layer showed insignificantnegative association in the 10 000 m² plot. The main populations (Cinnamomum porrectum. Euodia lepta, Scheffleraheptaphylla and Pithecellobium lucidum) had weak associations with most of the other populations and significant associationswith quiet few populations. 9 populations of shrub layer showed negative association totality However the relationship among Euodia lepta. Psychotria rubus, Rubus septemlobus and Desmos chinensis was significantly positive. The relationship between Schefflera heptaphylla and Psychotria rubus was significantly positive too, but Pithecellobium lucidum and other populationswere not significantly associated. This paper also compared the advantage and disadvantage between the general index ofmulti-interspecies association and 3 indexes of pair-interspecies association and discussed the basic methods for themanagement and sustainable development of secondary forest in the ecological forest demonstration area in Maofengshan.

The water quality natural breed field of Guangdong black myers in Xijiang river system was monitored andanalysed by establishing 6 inspection sites duriy of spawn period Guangdong black myers in 2001. The water quality wasevaluated by 20 items including water temperature, pH, DO, ammonium, phosphate, nitrite et al. In Qingpitang fishery,onlyphosphate is over the standard and the standard-exceeding rate was 100%. In Luopang fishery,had three items ware over thestandard. The rate of both suspended solids and phosphate was 100%,and that of ammonium nitrogen was 33.3%. Other itemswere normal. The average synthetical index of water pollution was used to value the water quality of both fisheries. Thephosphate pollution was the most serious in the twenty items. The sharing rate was 63.49% in Qingpitang fishery and 46.09% inLuopang fishery. The synthetical index of water pollution was 0.59 in Qingpitang fishery and 0.52 in Luopang fishery,whichindicated that the pollution degree is not high.

During the procedure of soybean pretreatment, oil extration, and refining, the pollutants such as wastewater,exhaust gas, dust,odor, and residue were analyzed. The treatment measures of headstream control and terminal treatment ofwastewater, condensation and adsorption of solvent exhaust gas, and oil reclaim of residue were put forward respectively,according with the industrial characteristic of soybean oil production. The cleanness producing mode of low pollution andenergy consume, was the advisable pollution control means of soybean oil production.

A²/O-Biological contact oxidation processes——flocculation and coagulation settling——sand filter processes wasused to trea the wastewater at the piggery. The treated wastewater have been recycled and reuse with special pipe for washingin the piggery. The raw wastewater flow through the screen tank, primary sediment tank, biogas tank, anoxic tank, aerationtank, secondary sediment tank, biological contact oxidation tank, chemical reaction tank, denitrogen tank, and sands filter.The sludge flowed to the dewatering square for desiccation. The effuent water from the system achieve and over the Second Class Drainage Standard according to "The National Standard of Wastewater Overall Drainage (GB8978-88)" and reuses for washing piggery excrements directly.

Sand-dust storm is a disatrous weather process. Its formation and development are closely related with the rarevegetation coverage and the bare and loose ground surface. Since the bare farmland and degraded grassland with lowervegetation cover in winter and spring supply the major source of sand and dust, a key approach to dust storm control istransformation of bare farmland and degraded grassland through agricultural measures. They are (1) adjusting croppingstructure, changing mono-cropping into mixture of cereals and grasses and inter-cropping of them and rotation of farmland andgrassland, thus introducing forage crop and winter crop (including winter wheat, Dong-mu No. 70 Ryegrass, etc) to thetraditional farming system and increasing the vegetation cover in winter and spring; (2) extending the protective cultivationsystem and enhancing the mulches on the ground surface through implement of ploughless farming and enlarge of stubbles, thusenhancing the soil-holding capacity of roots and stubbles; (3) strengthening the protection and construction of grassland throughstrict forbidding cropland expansion in steppe zone, absolutely avoiding over-grazing and over-fuel gathering ed digging,extending shifting grazing system and in-house animal raising, while increasing the exclosure-fencing scale and the grasslandconstruction scale; (4) developing intensive agriculture and animal husbandry and extending advanced techniques of cultivationand animal raising, thus concentrating human activities in the land with better conditions and reducing the human pressure onthe eroded farmland and grassland.

This paper described the recent research of improving methods of TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation dfficiency,whichinvolved metal ion dopants, attachment of sensitizer, surface chelation, surface ramification, surface deposition of noble metal,lanthanon dopants, coupled semiconductors and electron acceptors to broaden the adsoption bands of the TiO₂ semiconductorparticle or retard its electron-hole recombination rate. The applications of photocatalytic oxidation on environmental protectionincluding gas cleanup, water treatment and so on were summarized and assessed. Moreover,the further studies were presented.

Two sources of the pol1ution of shrimp culture were mostly examined: one source is inorganic and organicnutrients, which included uneaten feed, fecal materials. and extracted material from shrimps, the other source is chemical drugand antibiotics. In this manuscript, self-pollution of shrimp culture and its impact on environment were provided. Two cases ofself-pollution, upland pond and lowland pond, which were prevalent in south China at present, were discussed. Moreover,some measures to treat the Dollution of these two patterns of shrimp culture were addressed.

Craspedacusta is one kind of age-old, rare and precious coelenterates which is close to extinction. It is the lowestrank invertebrate on the globe whose life history has been over a few hundred million years. Not like the other coelenterates, itlives in freshwater. It is the key species in the evolution process, and of great value in ecology,human culture, learning andenjoyment. The habitat of Craspedacusta will be inundated with the three gorges reservoir's storing water. A crisis of extinctionis facing Craspedacusta without its habitat. The extinction of this valuable species does not merely mean the loss of the diversityof species in the world but also means permanent loss of thc cultural resource of "oeach blossom fish" which was recorded in Chinese history. People know little of Craspedacusta because it is rare and the period of its appearance is brief.The biologicalcharacteristics, appearance time, species, distribution and status of studies on Craspedacusta were summarized systematically,and the meanings of conserving and studying craspedacusta were also revealed.

The paper deals with the applications of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photocatalysis for degradation of several typicalcrude oil pollutants. The recent developments and problems of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photocatalysis and its applicationprospects for the treatment of crude oil pollutants are introduced. The main achievements in the studies of photocatalysisduring the recent years were particularized. It is suggested that attention of the future investigation should focus on the threeaspects as follow i.e. comprehension for photocatalytic mechanism, synthesis or preparation of novel photocatalyst with wideresponse to light and high photo quantum efficiency.

Dco-tourist developmental conditions in coastal area of Guangdong province are analyzed in the article, including resourceconditions, location and thaffic, economic base and visitor condition. The current situations and existing oroblems of eco-tourism arealso mentioned. According to the principles of fundamental ecology and sustainable development,some proposals about the furthereco-tourist development in the area are put forward to promote the sustainable development of coastal economic in Guangdong:making environment protected seriously; taking eco-tourist priority in nature reserves; making unified planning to set up coastaleco-tourist as a whole; developing diversified eco-tourist products; raising the standard of eco-tourist management by several means.

With the rapid development of construction of highways and railways,the greening and protection emgineering ofside slope is gradually paid more attentions and put into effect. For the purpose of quick results,however,some engineeringswere not perfomed by scientific law so that the expected goal was not achieved. From the ecological view some fundamentalecological principles are given out in this paper,such as adaptation,biodiversity,ecological niche,species symbiosis, limitingfactor and energetics, attempting to provide to provide some useful helps for the workes engaged in analogical engineering.

Nitrogen removal and nitrogen-transformation bacteria in C.alternifolius contructed wetland wastewatertreatment system were studied. The removal rate of TN in the contructed wetland with C.alternifolius were 73.8%;Compared with unplanted constructed wetland system, the removal rate of TN raised 17.4%. The amount of ammonifyingbacteria, nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria in C.alternifolius constructed wetland were 7.98×10⁵cfu·g^-1(sand), 1.95×10⁵MPN·g^-1 (sand) and 5.89×10⁴ MPN·g^-1 (sand), respectively; In contrast to unplanting system, the amount of ammonifyingbacteria had no obvious difference,but the amount of nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria were 1 order of magnitude higherthan those in the unplanted system.

The handbook highlights the rules of validity of the AEI, Entironment Airquality Classification, Sampling pointsand time, Methodology and Statistic. There are 10 items of AEI measuring and evaluation, namely the CI, the T, the vegetationvitality concentration, the greenbelt area per person, the greenbelt vegetation cover rate, the water cover rate, the outervegetation cover rate, the age of transplant or protophyte, the plant category and plant view.This handbook adapts to thecommunity AEI evaluation, via the 5 class of the Entironment Air-quality Classification by 5A, 4A, 3A, 2A, and 1A.