Ruoergai plateau mire is the largest distribution area of plateau peat mire in China.From the end of April to early October of 2004, the N₂O flux was measured with the closed chamber/GC technique in Ruoergai plateau mire.The mean value of N₂O flux was 0.010 mg·m^-2h^-1, the max value was 0.079 mg·m^-2h^-1, and the minimum was -0.051 mg·m^-2h^-1 from the mire.Seasonal change of N₂O flux was negatively correlated with water depth in mire.Diurnal N₂O flux was positively correlated with air temperature and peak value was found in the afternoon.In the plant growing season, total quantity of N₂O emission from mire was about 0.159·a^-1 in Rouergai plateau.

From April to May in 2004, the bird diversity of the winter and the spring was investiaged in the five main habitats of Dalai lake natural reserve with sample belt.The composition, fauna, similarity of communities, evenness indices and communities biodiversity were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index and Smith correlation index.The results shows that most species are from the Palaearctic Realm (about 86%), the bird diversity of reed wetland is proved to be maximum (Shannon-Wiener index=1.300 1), and reed meadow to be minimum (Shannon-Wiener index=0.662 9).The correlation index of community composition is only 0.038 between the reed wetland and the reed meadow.The survey also reveals the simliar bird diversity between shining speargrass grassland and that of typical prairie.

Human activities, which is an important driving force of landscape heterogeneity, can change the landscape pattern diversity.The spatial-temporal change of landscape pattern has been distinctly defined by many researches recently.A case study of Mountain Tai in Shandong province, eastern China, was performed to develop the appropriate analysis and assessment techniques to quantify the nature and magnitude of landscape structural changes within the upland.Based on the Landsat TM images and field survey data, the changing of landscape diversity with altitude, landscape heterogeneity and landscape dynamics from 1986 to 2001 were analyzed by aids of 3S techniques in eight regions of Taishan.Landscape pattern indices were calculated with geographic information system (GIS) and Patch Analyst program FRAGSTATS software.Results indicated that the relationships between the landscape change and human activities were positively related.The corridors of forest vegetation have been fragmentized, and the patches were isolated and become smaller.The areas of landscape patches were negatively significant related to the intensity of human activity.The areas of patches were small under the high intensity, and large under the low intensity.Human activities were greatly affected on the regional landscape diversity.It revealed that any unconsidered disturbance to the landscape system could be a factor of regional landscape diversity changing.So human disturbance could reach to the area where human did not directly act on.Some effects, due to failing managements or other misplaying, could become an important minatory potential to landscape system.

The remote sensing technology was employed to investigate the types and the area of Guangdong wetlands.The results showed that: types of Guangdong wetlands were very rich.There are 5 types and 20 subtypes of wetlands, including all of the types and 80% subtypes of the wetlands in our country.The total area of Guangdong wetland was 1 864 101.3 hm², making up 10.4% of the total land area of Guangdong Province.At the same time, the coast wetland area was 1081988.3hm², making up 58.04% of the total area of Guang dong wetland.Furthermore, there are plenty of wild life in the wetland, and many are the species of rare and in danger.Therefore, conservation of wetlands in Guangdong is very urgent and important.

The angiosperm consists of major part of the poisonous plants in Foshan, which is accounting for 95.7% of family, 98.0% of genus and 98.4% of species, among them the dicotyledon have comparative advantage.In the aspect of growth habits, woody plant is dominant form and accounting for 51.4% of the total species, the herb and vine accountsfor 33.9% and 14.8% of the total species, respectively.According to investigation, a total of 183 species belonging to 148 genera, 69 families of poisonous plants are identified in Foshan City, Guangdong Province.Including 1 specie of fern belonging 1 genus, 1 family, 2 species of gymnosperm belonging to 2 genera, 2 families, 180 species of angiosperm belonging to 145 genera, 66 families.94 are woody plants, 62 are herbs and 27 are vines.4 are virulent poisonous, 21 high poisonous, 35 middle poisonous and 121 light poisonous.Base on analysis of the characteristics of the resources, some suggestions about how to rationally exploit them are put forward.

Ecology of zooplankton community, including dominant species composition, density, biomass, and regression analysis amomg zooplankton biomass and the water quality factors were studied at four sampling stations (Ⅰ-Ⅳ) of the West Lake, Hangzhou, a shallow eutrophic lake.After dredging, Tintinnopsis sp., which was the first dominant species of Protozoa replaced by Tintinnidium sp., and Trichocerca pusilla replaced by Polyarthra trigla at stations Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, which was the first dominant species of Cladocera replaced by Bosmina longirostris at Station Ⅰ and by Moina micrura at Station Ⅲ.Thermocyclops dybowskii dominated the Cyclopida, and Sinocalanus dorrii dominated the Calanoida after dredging.The annual average density of zooplankton increased 80.5%, of which 57.3% was contributed by protozoans.And the annual average biomass of zooplankton increased 49.7%, of which 36.5% was contributed by rotifers.There had a positive linear relationship between biomass of zooplankton and Chlorophyll-a, COD_Mn and total phosphorus content in the West Lake, Hangzhou after dredging.The relative degrees of the biomass and environmental factors were differed in each sampling station of the West Lake with an order of: Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ.The influence degrees of environmental factors on zooplankton was coincidence with appearance of dominant species changes.The relative degrees of the biomass and environmental factors were differed in each group of zooplankton with an order of: Cladocera>Rotifer>Copepoda>Protozoa.

The present paper summarised the fishery resources in Bajiang River of Yunnam Province and appraised the impact of water power-plant project upon the resources and environment.There were 60 fish species in Bajiang River, of which 47 species were endemic.It was unique that there are 16 aquatic new species (in which 14 new species were fishes), and the national second class conservation animal Tyoltotriton shanjing.The power-plant will have adverse effect on the existence of rushing and anadromous fish species, In order to protect the special biological resources,feasible measures must be taken when the water power-plant project is put into effect.

Based on the data collected from sample plots with an area of 11 000 m², the species composition, importance values of tree population, physiognomy, species diversity and spatial structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest community in Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve of Sanming, Fujian, were analyzed.The community is composed of 223 vascular plant species belonging to 80 families and 159 genera, 80.5 percent of genera contain only single species.The phanerophytes including the vines take 85.2 percent of the total.The tree populations such as Castanopsis kawakamii, Schima superba, Castanopsis carlesii, Pinus massoniana, Castanopsis eyrei and Randia cochinchinensis are in great important values.The spatial patterns of dominant tree populations conform to aggregated distribution.The vertical structure of community is relatively complicated which can be divided into tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer.The comparative analyzes on life form spectrum and species diversity of the community showed that this forest is a transitional type from south-subtropical rain forest to mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Since phenol chemical compound is permanent organic pollutant, phenol-containing wastewater treating has the high priority in water pollution control in our country.In this paper, bacteria strains were separated and purified from the active mud of a ventilated pool in which wastewater containing phenol was treated.7 bacteria strains that could treat phenol-containing wastewater with high efficiency were chosen according to their phenol tolerance and phenol degradation rate.Based on the microscopic observation of the characteristics of colony and individual cell, and the results of a series of physiology and biochemical tests, those 7 chosen bacteria strains were identified to be Pseudomonas.This work is beneficial for the phenol-containing wastewater treatment in the future.

Mystus guttatus is one of four famous fishes m the Pearl River, but the population depression is repaidly rapidly in recent years, and fishing resource needs protection.1137 nucleotides of mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene sequence(number: MGGD) have been obtained from Chinese bagrid fish Mystus guttatus, the contents of T、C、A、G of the gene are 31.6%、25.7%、29.6 %、13.1%respectively.Respectively compared to other two sequences from GenBank(number: MGZJ,MGFJ), the gene sequence divergence of M.guttatus among the three sequences is 0.005 to 0.017.The difference of amino acid sequences converted by gene sequences are all only 2 sites, so it shows that Cytb gene which acts as a functional gene is conservative.And value of transition is larger than value of transversions in Mystus fishes.The research is aimed to offer some genetic data of M.guttatus for fishing resource protection and genetic selection, and the structure of Mystus guttatus population need be further researched.

The feeding rhythm of Oxyeleotris marmoratus (Bleeker) larvae was studied in experimental condition.The feeding incidence (FI) under different light intensity was also investigated.The results showed that an obvious circadian rhythm of feeding was observed in the larvae of 5, 8 and 12 days after hatching (DAH).The feeding proceeded mainly during 16:00-00:00, when poor illumination occurred.Comparing with experiments under 10Lx, 1000Lx and absolutely darkness, the feeding incidence increased obviously under 100-500Lx for the larvae of 5 DAH and under 10-100Lx for larvae of 8, 12 DAH.

Feeding intensity and point-of-no-return (PNR) of Pelteobogrus fulvidraco larvae at different temperatures were studied under laboratory conditions.The results showed that the feeding intensity of P.fulvidraco larvae increased with increasing temperature, but high temperatures could shorten the PNR.At the temperature of 24-28℃, the PNR was about 7-8 days after hatching.It suggested that the suitable living temperature for P.fulvidraco larvae was 28℃.

This paper introduced an in situ monitoring technique of chlorophyll fluorescence using portable Pulse-Amplitude Modulation fiuorometer, PAM-2100.With this technique F_t, F_m', Y, rETR, qP, qN or NPQ, PAR, and leaf temperature can be monitored without disturbing plant natural photosynthesis.An in situ monitoring case with Eichhornia crassipes was examined.Chlorophyll fluorescence were measured every 5 min and monitored continuously for 225 min.The results indicated that the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters depended on the variation of environmental PAR.Some parameters such as F_t, rETR, qN and NPQ showed a consistent change with PAR, while F_m', Y and qP changed reversely.This case demonstrated that in situ monitoring technique was reliable, simple, rapid and sensitive.Along with the appearance of new modulated fluorometers suit for in situ monitoring, this technique may be widely used in plant ecology research.

Meta-analysis is a statistical method to summarize the different individual studies under the same subject。 InR and Hedges'd are the two effect sizes that are most commonly used in ecology.They are compared in analyzing response of plant ecophysilogical variables to high CO₂ concentration.For the same variable, two effect size might result in different overall effect size and even occasionally change its direction.LnR was apt to lead to positive effect.The range of overall effect sizes of 24 variables given by Hedges'd was wider than that by InR.Effect size given by LnR was asymmetry, while that by Hedges'd symmetry.

Based on the rainfall measurement of 79 rain events and the chemical composition determination of rainwater at Guangzhou's Longdong from November 2003 to October 2004, the acid rain frequency, chemical composition, and its correlation were studied in the paper.The results showed that: (1) Total amount of rainfall was 1359.8 mm during the monitoring period.The pH values varied from 3.22 to 7.29 and with an average of 4.83.The frequency of acid rain (pH<5.6) is 77.2%, and the amount of acid rain accounts for 81.5% of total rainfall.(2) Acid rainwater takes SO₄^2-, Cl^- and NO₃^- as main anion, and has high concentration of Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺ and Na⁺.(3) The acid rain at Guangzhou belongs to sulphate-dominated type.The concentration of SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, PO₄^3-, Cr, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺ in rainwater are 0.150, 0.045, 0.002, 0.163, 0.058, 0.006, 0.013, 0.083 and 0.007 mol·L^-1, respectively.The SO₄^2-/NO₃^- ratios vary from 0.42 to 17.6, with an average of 3.33, which is much lower than that in southwest China.And the ratio is also less than that measured 5 years ago in the same place.It indicates that the high NO_x emission at Guangzhou is a severe environmental threat.(4) There is obvious seasonal variation in rainwater chemistry at Guangzhou, it is that acid rain is more serious in spring, summer and autumn but not in winter.That is the reverse of what observed at Chongqing of southwest China, where acid rain being more serious in winter than in spring.(5) According to the SPSS analysis of measured data, there is a negative relation between rainfall and concentration of each of major element composition, which can illuminate the dilution effect of atmospheric pollutants by rainwater.There is also certain correlation among the chemical compositions of acid rain, such as significant positive relationships between SO₄^2- and Ca²⁺, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺/Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺, respectively..

Jinjiang oysters, Crassostrea ariakensis, is an important reared mollusc species, and has been cultured for about two centuries in China.However, technological standards for the oyster culture have not been established.In order to obtain better and higher product of the oyster, the technological standards for Jinjiang oyster culture have been produced.The standards are composed of the following aspects: cultural conditions, including cultural environments, seawater temperature range (6-32℃), seawater depth (2-8 m below the lower tide line) and salinity (8‰-30‰), the device structure for the oyster suspension in seawater, the ways of suspending the oyster, the management over the oyster culture period, capture conditions and methods and so on.

The causes of natural wetland degradation were analyzed using the theory of exterior and property right combining some economical characterises.The wetlands were over explored mostly because the wetland is used as a resource of common property equally shared by everyone.As exterior resources, no enough compensation were given to the positive exterior of wetland, and no enough punishments were paid for the negative exterior.The characters of the wetland resource directly make the property right of the wetland divided, the owner can't entirely get the benefits from the wetlands, neither can control the profits, which led no investments on the wetlands.Meanwhile, the markets can't reflect the real values of the wetlands resources for the failure of supply and demand of markets, the failure of markets regulation, the lack of the price of wetland, and the low price of wetland.These factors had caused the wetland functions lost, the areas decrease and etc.

The origin and evolution of land plants are closely correlated with global climate and environment changes.Applying plant stomata parameters including stomata density and stomata index to reconstruct palaeo-atmospheric CO₂ concentration changes has become a highlight in the field of global change in recent years.The progress of plant stomata parameters in the reconstruction of the palaeo-atmospheric CO₂ concentration was summarized in this paper.Accordingly, the disputed problems and future trends of stomata parameters study were discussed.Furthermore, the progress of the quantitative reconstruction of palaeo- environment and palaeo-climate based on plants in recent years was also introduced in this paper.

This paper summarized the research advances in relationship between tourism development and environment in China and foreign countries.The researches of foreign, countries generally include inquiries about concepts of tourism environment and criterions of tourism environment quality, the influences of tourism on natural environment, the studies on tourism environment capacity, the influences of social culture environment caused by tourism and the studies on protective countermeasure of tourism environment and so on; domestic relative researches lagged behind foreign countries, but the relationship between tourism and environment had been paid great attention since 1970's.Domestic researchers widely absorbed foreign accomplishments and made great progress in this field.In addition, the paper also introduced bad influences of tourism development on ecosystem and landscape, such as partial breakage of vegetation, soil erosion and the changes of soil chemical and physical properties, the decrease of wild animals, the increase of bacteria, dust and exhaust gas in the air and water pollution.In future, the study should deal with the contradiction between exploitation and protection, and the idea of landscape ecology should also be applied in scenic spot planning and its protection.

Some related researches on the concept of eco-city indicate that the eco-city built on ecology fundamental is a compound system, which is harmonious in nature, effective in economy, and justicial in the society.So it is very necessary to construct the eco-city under the direction of landscape ecology.A set of suggestions for the construction of eco-city based on the landscape ecology theory is proposed.In the aspect of eco-construction, multiple development is emphasized, such as building network style greenbelt development system, developing the green centre with around groups network model spatial structure model with consideration of fully utilizing the local plants.In the aspect of society and culture, a layered construction, that is green family, green district, green community, and green society, is advocated with the breakthrough from the point of green community.In the aspect of economy, the character of each kind of landscape and its development trends is fully considered, and the coupling of ecology, culture and economy is emphasized.This set of suggestions is proposed utilizing the fundamental and methodology of landscape ecology, with combination of the construction principles for eco-city.The landscape ecological characters are also carefully considered.

Constructed wetlands based on the ecological principles are becoming an active research field because of widely applications in wastewater treatment.Firstly introduce the classification of constructed wetlands simply.Then review the research progress on the removal mechanisms of organic pollutants, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal ions by constructed wetlands in detail; analyze the effect of water plants species and biomass of roots to the pollution removal rate also; additionally, discuss the research progress of configures and process design too.At last illuminate applications of constructed wetlands by treating municipal wastewater and industry wastewater.Through analysis, constructed wetlands have widely applied prospects because of low operation fee and simple operation.But do more researches on pollution removal mechanisms and applications in the future.

The bio-resource in national reserve of Chebaling was reported.There are 1928 species of plants and 1558 species of animals.The primary factors of affecting biodiversity protection were also analyzed.The biggest threat for biodiversity in protection area was random chopping and excessive catching as well as random digging and excessive picking by local residents.The strategies on biodiversity protection were discussed.At the same time of natural resource protection, eco-villages were firstly set up in the national reserve area, the local residents were installed suitably, the approaches of sustaining development and assorting with the local economy was developed.In this way, the natural resources were protected, the nice social and economic benefit were obtained.There are important effects for the cause of natural resource protection in China from the protection countermeasure of bio-resource and the experience of management in National Reserve of Chebaling.

With the new opportunities of forestry development in Guangdong Province, the current situation of Guangdong forestry is analyzed based on the latest data, in this paper for the future scientific development.The problems that need to be resolved were also discussed in this paper, as well as the way for sustainable development according to the practice in Guangdong under the new conditions.Moreover, in order to perform the slogan of "Human the essence, ecology the preference" and develop a modern forestry based on ecology constitution, the paper puts forwards strategic suggestions with a view to realizing sustainable development of Guangdong forestry.