The CH4 uptake flux by soils of three types of forest in Dinghushan reserve-monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and pine forest,which are in different stages of vegetation succession-were measured for one year by using static chamber-gas chromatograph technique.Highest CH4 uptake flux was found for monsoon forest,then followed by mixed forest and pine forest.The difference of CH4 flux among the different forests closely relates to their soil properties.That is,the lower soil bulk density is and the more soil organic matter is,the higher CH4 uptake flux by soil is.Litter on the soil surface had little effect on the CH4 flux for the three forests.CH4 uptake fluxes did not show any significant dependency on soil temperature and soil moisture through the whole year,but soil temperature had positive effect on CH4 uptake flux during dry season.
The correlations of the dry weight of genet and the number and the dry weight of stolon,the dry weight of ramet,as well as the ratios of dry weight of stolon and ramet/dry weight of genet of L.brachystachya have been analyzed based on the samples collected from 5 plots at different altitudes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The results show that except the habitats affected by human activities,there was a significant linear correlation between dry weight of genet and the number of stolon,the dry weight of stolon per cm(P<0.01).However,the dry weight of genet does not affect the dry weight of ramet directly.The ratios of the dry weight of stolon and ramet/the dry weight of genet in plot 1(the highest altitude) and 5(the lowest altitude) are the highest.Dry weight of L.brachystachya has an significant effect on its clonal growth,this effect varys with altitude.
This paper reported the results of investigation on the macrobenthic community of swamp in Ximen Island,Yueqing City,Zhejiang province,China in May,2004.18 species of macrobenthic belonging to 6 Phyla,7 Classes,15 Families,were found.Among them,the dominant species were Mollusca,Arthropoda and Annelida.The group of surface(GS) species were fewer than the group of surface below(GSB).Through the research at three habitat types,the mangrove swamp,young mangrove swamp and the naked tidal flat,it showed that the community configuration at young mangrove swamp was interveniented to the communities at mangrove swamp and at naked tidal flat,then the density of the macrobenthic were following that 452 ind·m-2,310 ind·m-2 and 620 ind·m-2,the biomass were following that 40.53 g·m-2,44.80 g·m-2 and 42.75 g·m-2.Phascolosoma esculenta and Enigmonia aenigmatica were dominant species at mangrove swamp.The biodiversity indexes(S & H') and the Pielou index of the mangrove swamp were highest,the Simpson index was the lowest at three kind of habitat types,it maybe relate to the habitat complication at mangrove swamp.
NDVI is an important index denoting a region's vegetation cover.Based on RS&GIS technology,this paper analyses and illustrates spatio-temporal changes of NDVI in the Pearl River Basin,by using 8 km resolution Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies(GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) dataset,monthly from 1982～2003.The main conclusions are:(1) In general,NDVI values show the decreasing trend(no passing the confidence level of 95%) in the Pearl River Basin in recent 22 years(1982~2003).Suggesting terrestrial vegetation activity in the Pearl River Basin continues to degrade.(2) In spring,NDVI values show the increasing trend(no passing the confidence level of 95%),but in summer,autumn and winter NDVI values show the decreasing trend(no passing the confidence level of 95%).(3) In the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River,NDVI values display the decreasing trend at different confidence level,especially in the Pearl River Delta region displaying the significant decreasing tendency(at the 99% confidence level).But in the upper reaches,such as Nanpanjiang River,Beipanjiang River,Youjiang River,Zuojiang River and Yujiang River watershed,NDVI values display the increasing tendency(but no passing the confidence level of 95%).These spatial differences of change tendency in the Pearl River Basin are influenced by rapid urbanization,agricultural activity and climate change(precipitation,temperature change et al.) together.
Macrozoobenthos community plays an important role in material cycle and energy flow in riverine ecosystem.During the period of June,2003 to June 2004,an investigation on the life cycle and production of the dominant species of macrozoobenthos community in a second-grade river of Hanjiang River catchment was carried out.From the upper reach to the lower reach of Heizhuchong stream,we chose six types of habitats to sample.At each station,two quantitative samples were taken with a 167μm Surber net,and the samples were sieved with a 167μm net,sorted in a porcelain dish with naked eye.The samples were kept in 10% formalin for later processing.The life cycle of the Simulium sp.population was analyzed by the monthly size-class frequency distribution,the cohort and annual production were estimated by size frequency method.The results showed that the dominant species Simulium sp.appeared to develop one generation for one year,the reproduction occurred from April to August,but mainly in middle three months.The abundance and biomass of the population reached their peaks in December with the values of 115 ind·m-2 and 250.9mg·m-2.The estimated cohort and annual production by size-frequency method were 3.9216g·m-2.a(wet wt),and the cohort P/B ratios was 4.6,which equals to the annual one.By analyzing its fore-gut content,the proportions of amorphous detritus,fungi and diatoms were 60.40%,3.91%,35.96%.Therefore,the contribution rates of the above types of food to secondary production were 32.2%,10.4%,57.4%.
According to investigation,there were 18 species of national key preserved wild plants in Dabieshan district which locates at the Eastern part of Hubei Province in China,2 species of them belong to first class of national key preserved plant(Ginkgo biloba and Taxus chinensis var.mairei)and 16 species are the second class(Pinus dabeshanensis、Pseudolarix kaempferi、Torreya fargesii、Zelkova schneideriana、Fagopyrum dibotrys、Cercidiphyllum japonicum、Magnolia officinalis、Magnolia officinalis ssp.biloba、Liriodendron chinense、Cinnamomum camphora、Phoebe zhennan、Glycine soja、Sinojackia xylocarpa、Camptotheca acuminate、Emmenopterys henryi and Phellodendron chinensis).Each accounts for 39.1%,25.0%,44.4% of the Hubei province's distribution,respectively.The characteristics of the national protected plants in Dabieshan were:concentrative distribution,small scale of community,severe fragmentization and distinct elevation distribution.It was suggested to establish Hubei Dabieshan natural reserve with the core in Tian tangzhai.Some effective conversation suggestions had been put forward.
Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.) Griseb is a perennial herb grown in South America naturally.However,it is regarded as a great harmful invasive weed in many regions over the world.Asexual reproduction by vegetative organs,such as rhizome,is its main reproductive way.The characteristics of clonal reproduction discussed in this paper is based on the experiment with rhizome of A.philoxeroides.The results show that:(1) the node of rhizome is prerequisite of its clonal reproduction;(2) rhizome can accommodate its clonal growth by controlling the ratio of buds/node;(3)the diameter of rhizome also has a distinct effects on its clonal reproduction.The ratio of buds/node is the highest in the rhizome segment with 1 node and the lowest in the rhizome segment with 4 nodes,but the morphological characteristics of ramets show a different result,i.e.the height and the node number of ramets is the lowest in the rhizome segment with 1 node and the highest in the rhizome segment with 4 nodes.While the ratio of buds/node is higher in the rhizome segment with thick node than thin ones.
In this study the pathways and tendency of the development of the cells within the chopped tissue of green seaweed Enteromorpha prolifera was studied systematically using liquid and solid culturing techniques.We found that the ability and orientation of development of the cells from apex to base within thalli appeared obvious polarity and both the speed and scale of the cells' development were also related to their position within segments.In total there were about 5 different final pathways of the development:1.Develop into sporangium.2.Develop into rhizoid.3.Divide into cluster of cells and become new young plants lately.4.Become more polar and develop into young plants with rhizoid directly.5.Become stable and remain undeveloped.However,the development of different cells may be different when under culturing conditions.
Wedelia trilobata was a native of Middle and South America.At the present.,the invasive plant endangers the agriculture and forestry production,and even destroys the ecosystem and bio-diversity.Researches on its responses to herbicides and measures to control it were initiated.Results showed as follows:(1) Leaves of cultivated W.trilobata treated with different concentrations of herbicides showed various extent injuries and the injury could be intensified as the concentrations increased.W.trilobata treated with 1:200 to 1:600 picloram and clopyralid and 1:200 to 1:800 fluroxypyr solutions were totally killed.(2)W.trilobata showed significant reduction in chlorophyll content after treatment with the herbicides,positive correlation between the concentrations of application and the injury to was observed.(3)After treatment,the cell membrane permeability of the plant was increased,which proved due to damage.(4)Treatment in field showed that three herbicides in combination could kill the plant at 1:600 picloram and clopyralid in 10 days,or 1:800 fluroxypyr in 15 days.
This paper analyzed the status of biodiversity and man-made activties threaten to the wetlands in the area of Min River Estuary,on the basic of relatively overall survey and data,putting forward countermeasures to wetland and its biodiversity.It concluded that wetland resource covers the area west from Zhuqi,Minhou County,east to Chuanshi Island,Lianjiang County,with tatal area of 459.2 square kilemeter and 10 wetland types.In the study region,6 blocks of wetlands with comparatively large area are collocated like a string of pearl naturally,which provide main inhabitants,feed sites and migration ways for immigrant birds.Wetland of Minjiang River Estuary have plenty biodiversity.There are 465 species vascular plants belonging to 337 genera and 107 families,438 species angiosperm plants belonging to 317 genera and 89 families,61 species of macroinvertebrate,and 118 species of bird with 29 families.4 types of vegetation style including 18 types of formations and 22 types of association are also founded.This paper analyzed the the human activities impacting on the biodiversity of wetland in Minjiang River Estuary,such as environmental pollution,irrationality development form and reclamation activity.Finally it concluded with some countermeasures to wetland and its biodiversity.
The capability of bioadsorption of chromium-galvanized wastewater by biosorbent FY01 and activated sludge was discussed in this paper.The experimental results showed that process of chromium biosorption were comprised with fast and slow adsorptions.The pH adaption ability of FY01 to wastewater was effective because of its stability of biosorption.After the aerobic treatments to Tongyong chromium-galvanized wastewater which concentration of total Cr was 68.6 mg·L-1 and Kangli galvanized wastewater which concentration of total Cr was 50.1 mg·L-1 for two hours,the total Cr removal ratios on 10 g·L-1 FY01 and 5 g·L-1 activated sludge were 71.5~75.6% and 80.0~90.0%,when pH was 2.5~6.0.FY01 and activated sludge has a better cooperation-promotion action.The cooperation removal ratios of Tongyong and Kangli chromium-galvanized wastewater on 10 g·L-1 FY01 and 15 g·L-1 activated sludge were 97.7% and 88.1% respectively,39.8% and 44.6% better than the treatments separately.
Three kinds of isozyme,EST.AMY and POD from five tissues,liver,muscle,heart,brain and sex gland,of Calotes emma Gray collected from Shaoguan district,Guangdong province were analysed by the method of PAGE.The results show the three isozymes take on the obvious diversity and homology.The same kind of enzyme shows sexual difference between male and female.EST isozymes possess two bands in common.RF8 existed in heart,muscle,brain and sex gland but in liver that indicated the speciality of liver.The band of enzyme from sex gland showed the obvious sexual difference.AMY isozymes possess a band in common.The band of enzyme from liver is the greatest complex.Three of the five tissues presented the difference between male and female.CAT sozymes possess two bands in common.The bands of enzyme from liver and gonad are the greatest complex and they show obvious sexual difference.The bands of enzyme from heart,muscle and brain are quite similar that show the homology of different tissues.
Resources position by different habitat gradient populations were taken according to the investigation data of major forest group and plant multiplicity in Nan'ao Island.Total eight resource positions were selected to explore the niche breadth,overlap and proportional similarity of major population of Acacia confusa forest.The results showed that the difference of niche breadth among populations was significant.The larger the populations,the more important the niche breadth they have,while the similarity degree of using resources was generally small.The niche proportional similarity among Acacia confusa and the species with broad niche breadth was much greater,such as Pinus massoniana,Schefflera octophylla,Phoebe bournei and Litsea glutinosa.They held the same similar requirements to the habitat and formed the mixed forest easily because of high niche overlap.The results had instructive importance to ecological research and productive practice of Acacia confusa forest as well as water conservation forest in Nan'ao.
According to the preliminary investigation to Sha Xi Nature Reserve,vegetation variety was classified and the distributing characteristics were analyzed.The investigation showed that there were 7 categories of vegetables in the Reserve with the main vegetation types as subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,mainly distributed on the hills and mountains around 100 to 850 m above sea level.Subtropical evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forest were mainly distributed in the vicinity of Chang-Ping.Subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest,subtropical evergreen coniferous forest,shrub grassland were less distributed.Bamboo mainly distributed in the villages near the mountain and valley sides in a semi-natural state.There were 1225 species of wild vascular plants belonging to 191 families and 630 genera in which 7 species of wild plants for national level protection and 6 kinds rare and precious wild protection plants in the Reserve.Plant resource of Sha Xi Natural Reserve is abundant and there are wide variety of wild vascular plants,some of which are of great economic value and ecological value.This has provided the basis to ecological environment protection and improvement in the Reserve and the Beijiang River basin.
By using three periods(1987,1995,2000) Landsat TM datas of Huangshan City,this paper making a close analysis to the change of land use in research area and effect of eco-environment produced by this change in late ten years.The research revealed eco-environment has degradation tendency,that became relative deteriorated violently especially between 1987 and 1995 year.Meanwhile the heterogeneity existed in different districts:the best eco-environment quality was in Qimen and the eco-environment in Tunxi was the worst of all.In the research period except Xiuning's eco-environment has been improved,other districts has degradated all to different extent,and further,the most violent degradation lying in Huangshan.There is a close correlation between eco-environment and mode of land use,especially the area of forest in land use mode has more direct relation with eco-environment quality.The higher rate of forest coverage,thus the better of eco-environment.To the contrary,the rate of forest coverage reduced,the eco-environment quality correspondingly deteriorated.
Based on the gillnet surveys and bottom trawl surveys in the coastal waters of Leizhou in Beibu Gulf in April,June and July,2005,the fish community structure was analyzed.The preliminary results indicated that silver pomfret(Stromateoides argenteus) was the most dominant species in this area,while other dominant species varied with changing waters and seasons.Moreover,calculations of the species richness R,Shannon diversity index H' and evenness index J' were respectively made for the fish community in spring and summer in this area.In addition,cluster analysis revealed that fish community structure existed,spatial and temporal heterogeneity to some extent,with the temporal heterogeneity more obvious than the spatial heterogeneity.And different ecotypes showed among different fish communities.Furthermore,a portion of datum showed that some results greatly varied with the nets that we used.
Oil plants are widely existed in Regnum vegetabile,the plant organs such as fruit,seed,pollen,spore,stalk,leaf and root etc.are oiliness,especially the abundant oiliness in seed.Oil plants are the most important composition of the bio-diversity in Chebaling National Nature Reserve.According to the primary investigation,a total of 55 families,96 genera and 144 species of oil plants were identified in Chebaling National Nature Reserve,Guangdong Province.Oil plants in Chebaling National Nature Reserve have inestimable value in ecology and economy,most oil plants haven't been used in Chebaling National Nature Reserve in current time,a farther investigation and utilization of the resource were evaluated and some suggestions to protect and develop the oil plant resource were also put forward.
The paper investigated the feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in landfill leachate with solid-phase TiO2 film.researching the influence factors of preparing the TiO2 film and photocatalytic degradation activationt,he optimum annealed temperature is 450℃.It is investigated that some factors such as.the irradiation timei、nitial pH of solution、 initial concentration of solutions and light intensity infuluence the photocatalytic degradation rate of landfill leachate.The study showed the photocatalytic degradation rate increases with the increasing of the irradiation time and decreases with the increasing of the initial concentration,the condition of acidity and alkalescence are propitious to the action.On the optimal condition,the optimum annealed temperature is 450℃,initial pH of solution is 3～4,initial concentration of solution is 537 mg·L-1,the irradiation time is 2h,the degradation of CODCr and UV335 are 94.4% and 96.9%.
To serve the project of National Ocean 863 Plan,the mangrove planting-aquaculture system was made using three mangrove species,namely Sonneratia caseolaris,Ageiceras corniculatum,and Kandelia candel.The status of these three mangrove species' growth and their phenology phase were monitored.Main plant diseases and insect pests of the mangrove were documented.The results showed that mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris grew the fast,all growth criteria of Sonneratia caseolaris were better than the other two,and it also showed stronger resistance to harsh environmental conditions but cold weather.The resistance of Ageiceras corniculatum was strongest and survival rate was the highest.And Kandelia candel grew slowest,it was weakest in terms of resistance and the survival rate was the lowest.The younger mangrove seedlings suffered injury easily from plant diseases and insect pests.Prevention should be carried out so that the mangrove seedlings can develop normally.
The paper synthesized the remote sensing data obtained by Landsat series satellite(MSS,TM,ETM+) to survey and assess the land utilization,development of vegetated land,non-vegetated land and water area in Daya Bay district from 1979 to 2004.According to the data derived from Landsat in the past two decades the vegetated area around the Daya Bay remained stable while the non-vegetated land rose from 5.1% in 1991 to 10.5% in 2004 and the water area decreased by about 5% correspondingly.It showed a pattern of "human expansion,water retraction" which was highly related with the environmental and economic development in Daya Bay district.By building the relationship between the mode of human's impact on regional environment,we can predict the impact of developmental action on land utilization and apply it to regional EIA.The study demonstrates that remote sensing can be applied as an effective tool for monitoring the changes of coastal land utilization.
The productivity of municipal sludge is very huge and its compounds are complex.How to process them effectively has attracted much attention.Sludge is a useful biology resource and it could be turn into precious materials from waste and improve benefit if we make good use of it.Thus,it is significant to discuss the effective technology to dispose and utilize sludge according to the actual condition of our country.This paper analyzed the characteristics and the present disposal technique of municipal sludge.The author believed that the comprehensive utilization of sludge was a economical and effective way in China.Especially the agriculture utilization of sludge can save plenty of disposal expenses and afford nutrient to barren soil.Further more,it will improve the development of agriculture and keep an excellent circulation.
The effects of oil spill on marine organisms and marine ecosystems have been reviewed.The oil spill accidents in waters of Pearl River estuary in recent years have been summarized.The potential adverse effects of oil spills on the ecosystem of Pearl River estuary have been mentioned.
