The fire caused by thunder in AerShan in 1998 has created forest patches in a damage gradient. Based on the orientation to the burned sites, forests were divided into centrally burned , marginally burned, underground fire and control forest. In addition, forests were divided into pure Larix gmelinii forests, pure Betula platyphylla forests and mixed forests of these two tree species. The plant species diversity, aboveground biomass and annual rings of trees and shrubs were evaluated from July to September 2008. We found that the provided classification standard could reflect the differences in vegetation rehabilitation status of forests after different fire intensities. Forests in centrally burned areas had the lowest plant richness, diversity and aboveground biomass. Underground fire areas showed rather low indices for these variables. In addition to the control stands, forests in marginally burned areas showed the highest investigated indices. Annual rings of trees and shrubs decreased with the increase of fire intensity. The mixed forests had a better resilience than the pure forests, and L.gmelinii showed a better resilience than B.platyphylla. Two herb species were chosen as representatives of heliophytes and sciophytes. By comparing the cover of these two herbs, the succession of vegetation was examined and found that the centrally burned forests are in the gap phase, the underground fire forests in building phase while the marginally burned forests in mature phase. Restorative measures to use following fires were developed. Further study was proposed for the relationship between the aboveground biomass of understory and forest primary production, the breadth and distribution of annual ring, as well as the arthropod community in forests.

Investigation of phytoplankton in the Shen-ao Bay, eastern Guangdong, was carried out from January 2007 to December 2008. The results showed that there were 178 species in total, representing 64 genera. Among these, diatoms (154species, representing 57 genera) accounted for 86.03%, followed by Dinoflagellates, with 23 species representing 5 genera. The means of the phytoplankton's abundance in 2007 and 2008 were respectively 5.47×10⁷ cells·m^-3 and 2.26×10⁸ cells·m^-3. The ranges of the diversity index (DI) and evenness index (EI) of the phytoplankton in 2007 and 2008 were 0.435～2.490, 0.118～0.825 and 0.211～2.632, 0.059～0.820, and they were lowest in summer. Skeletonema costatum was the most dominant species, and the means of its DI and EI were respectively 55.17%, 0.489 and 68.65%, 0.652. Skeletonema costatum in the absolute dominance in the bay changed significantly the phytoplankton community structure and increased the risk of the Skeletonema costatum blooms. The distribution of phytoplankton in Shen-ao Bay appeared to be related to hydrological conditions, nutrients and grazing impact of filtering feeder.

Terrestrial ecosystems are important carbon pools. Land use and cover changes affect the terrestrial carbon storage significantly. In this paper, six stages of spatial database from 1954 to 2005 were established with digitization of topographical maps and interpretation of remote sensing imageries. Using the method provided by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, impacts of land-use change on carbon storage of vegetation were assessed. The results indicate that land use and cover changes in the study area were dramatic during 1954-2005. The area of farmland increased, while the area of marsh, forest and grassland decreased sharply. The land use/cover changes mainly occurred among farmlands, marshes, forest lands and grasslands. Marsh, forest and grassland were mainly converted to farmland. The land types converted to forest included farmland and grassland, and the main land types converted to marsh were farmland and forest. From 1954 to 2005, a total of 1.07×10³km² forest, 5.73×10³km² grassland and 2.59×10⁴km² marsh have transferred to farmland. Land use and cover changes led to steady decline of carbon storage in vegetation and the total loss of vegetation carbon storage from 1954 to 2005 is 57.48Tg The transformation of forest, marsh and grassland into farmland or the transformation of forest into grassland and marsh led to reduction of 97.06Tg carbon storage in vegetation. The transform of farmland to forest, marsh and grassland and the transform of grassland and marsh to forest led to the increase of 39.58Tg carbon storage in vegetation.

Based on the survey of 16 sample plots in the bamboo forest of Phyllostachys bambusoide f. shouzhu in Liangping county of Chongqing city, the effects of 7 site factors on diameter, the clear bold height, culm height and culm wall thickness of P. bambusoide f. shouzhu were studied. The results are as follows. (1) Three site factors as the slope position, altitude, diversity of species, had significant effects on the growth of P. bambusoide f. shouzhu. The effects of the gradient, humus thickness, soil thickness were little, but that of slope aspects was not significant. (2) The forestation site should be selected at the flat ground and gentle slope below 800 m, the sites with altitude of above 800 m and the sloppiness of steep slope and slope were not suitable for the growth of P. bambusoide f. shouzhu. (3) The upper slope was not suitable for the growth of the bamboo, the mid position and foot of hills were suitable for planting the bamboo. (4) The thin soil was not suitable for the growth of the bamboo;humus thickness should be kept at a suitable level in the bamboo forest. (5) The number of plant species in the bamboo forest should be kept at a suitable level for keeping its growth environment. (6) The south and north slope aspects were all suitable for the growth of the bamboo, but the growth of the bamboo on the south slope was better.

The effect of the bamboo leaves from 83 species in 22 genuses on the growth of radish seedlings was evaluated through the method of grinded plant tissue powder mixed with agar (PPA). The results showed that most of the tested bamboo leaves showed inhibitory effect under the concentration of 2 g·L^-1, and the inhibitory effect was higher on root than on hypocotyl and fresh weight. Of the 38 species bamboo leaves from Phyllostachys and Bambusa, 27 species inhibited root length by 50%. Tested species from Pleioblastus and Dendrocalamus showed strong inhibitory activity on radish root growth. Twenty-two of the 30 species bamboo leaves from the other genuses also had strong inhibitory activity on root. Eight species of bamboo, namely Phyllostachys glauca, Phyllostachys bambusoides, Bambus multiplex, Pleioblastus yixingensis, Pleioblastus china, Dendrocalamus brandisii, Sasa argenteastriatus and Ferrocalamus strictus, demonstrated strong herbicidal activity. The results have significance in the research of allelopathic effect of bamboo, and is also helpful to extend the chemical utilization of bamboo resources.

The ammonium and nitrate uptake kinetics of Lolium multiflorum Lam. were investigated using the modified depletion method. The kinetic characteristics of ammonium and nitrate uptake by L. multiflorum Lam. could be illustrated with the Michaelis-Menten equation. The maximum uptake rate (V_max) and Michaelis-Menten constant (K_m) were estimated by iterative curve fitting. The K_m for NO₃^-was significantly higher than that for NH₄⁺ in L. multiflorum Lam., which showed that L. multiflorum Lam. preferred NH₄⁺. If hydraulic retention time is long enough, the purifying effect of ammonium by L. multiflorum Lam. will be better in wastewater treatment systems. When absorption system was treated with microbial inhibitors, the absorption rate and K_m of NO₃^- in L. multiflorum Lam. was significantly lower. It illuminated that microorganisms could promote the removal of nitrogen in the system.

In this paper the concept and content of the pressure-sate-response (PSR) model were discussed. The PSR model combined with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is employed to establish a assessment system for mangrove ecosystem health. Based on a comprehensive health index (CHI) value, the health of mangrove ecosystems can be divided into three states: excellent, healthy and sub-healthy. The assessing system achieves visualization by Microsoft Visual Basic (VB). Combined with the actual findings of the mangrove, the visual assessing system is verified. The CHI of the mangrove of Gaoqiao Town in Zhanjiang City of Guangdong Province is 80.54. The CHI of the mangrove of Qiao Island of Zhuhai City in Guangdong Province is 60.35. The CHI of the mangrove of Techeng Island of Zhanjiang City in Guangdong Province is 53.87. The results are consistent with the investigation. The visualization system will be used scientifically, rapidly and practically with the health assessing for the mangrove ecosystem.

Effect of chitinase and β-1,3- glucanase transgenic sugarcane on microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil was studied by Biolog plates method. The results showed that the Average Well Color Development(AWCD) of transgenic sugarcane was higher than non-transgenic sugarcane, indicating the carbon utilization capability of microbial community was higher. The indices of Shannon(H), Smipson(1/D) and Mcintosh(U) were calculated respectively to show the richness, dominance and evenness of the functional diversity accordingly. The results showed that the rhizosphere soil microbial diversity indices of transgenic sugarcane were all higher than those of non-transgenic sugarcane;the dominance of the functional diversity was remarkably improved, followed by the evenness;the difference of the richness was not significant. It indicated that the root exudates of transgenic sugarcane in the growing season had stimulated the growth of rhizosphere soil microbial, which might have induced the development of the microbial community with certain physical characteristics. This preliminary study showed transgenic sugarcane might affect the microbial community composition in rhizosphere soil.

The 1138 bp sequence of complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) of 15 individuals of Cranoglanis bouderius multiradiatus population in Nandujiang River, HaiNan Province were determined. 3 variable sites and 1 parsimony-informative sites were detected in 4 hapoltypes;there were a typical initiation codon (ATG) and incomplete termination codon (T^**) in the Cytb gene of Cranoglanis bouderius multiradiatus, and the content of Gs in the third codon position was only accounted for 2.9%, but the content of Cs and As was 39.1 % and 38.5% respectively. The content of Ts in the second codon position was 41.3%, indicating that the usage of 4 bases in different codon positions of cytb gene were biased. Genetic distances based on Kimura 2-parameter model among 4 haplotypes ranged from 0.0009 to 0.0017, and no obvious genealogical cluster were found in the neighbor-Joining tree. The result that haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity(Pi) were 0.600 and 0.0006 respectively in the population suggested that genetic diversity of sequences of cytb gene of Cranoglanis bouderius multiradiatus in the Nandujiang River was very poor, and urgent and effective measures should be taken to conserve the valuable fish.

TiO₂ hollow spheres were prepared by hydrothermal precipitation method using titanium sulfate and carbamide as the original raw materials and carbon spheres as the templates, and Ag-doped TiO₂ hollow spheres were synthesized by adding KBH₄ to reduce AgNO₃ using PVP as a dispersant. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scan electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and infrared spectrometer. Experimental results showed that P25 and TiO₂ hollow spheres had no antibacterial effect in the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) under the natural light conditions, when inhibition zone method was tested for their antibacterial properties. But TiO₂ hollow spheres doping 9.4 mol % of the amount of Ag had excellent antibacterial properties against the above three strains at room temperature. So they can be used for antibacterial plastics, antibacterial food packaging and antibacterial textiles and other fields.

The methodology of multi-scale integrated analysis of societal metabolism (MSIASM) was employed to study the recent social evolution of Shenyang city. The result showed that from 1978 to 2003 the total inputs of primary industry and secondary industry decreased, while the total inputs of household sector and tertiary industry increased;from 1978 to 1995 the overhead of human activity time decreased, while the same value from 1995 to 2003 increased with the rapid development. This matches the same trend of Shenyang's economic development. Our research findings clearly indicate that both social and economic productivity has significantly increased, namely, the overall social labor productivity, labor productivity in agriculture sector, in manufacturing sector, and in service and government sector increased by 20～30 times. The above results show us that manufacturing industry was the main driver for Shenyang's rapid development.

Soil physical and chemical properties of riparian zone, where along Haicheng River in Haicheng city, Liaoning province, at 3 layers of 0～20 cm, 20～30 m, and 30～40 m was studied in this paper. The results showed that the soils were alkaline, and the pH value of different layers is not significant. The physical and chemical properties of upper reaches were preferable. In the middle reaches, values of bulk densities were high, total porocity were low, soil structure were bad, and contents of soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matter and total nitrogen were especially few because of human interference. Physical properties in the lower reaches were better than that in middle reaches. But some chemical properties were higher because of point pollutions. On the whole, the riparian zone along Haicheng River were serious destroyed, and can't perform its functions such as buffer and improve species diversity.

This paper dealt with Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora growned in the Shanyutan Wetland of Min River Estuarine, and analyzed 36 corresponding soil profiles, in order to reveal the distributed characteristic of the ash content of them and analyze influencing factors. The results showed that the differences of ash content of various organs were obvious,and the averaged value of each modules ash content of Phragmites australis were bigger than that of Spartina altemiflora;The vertical distribution of the soil ash content under the two plants were similar. The soil ash content in the wetland of Phragmites australis was slightly higher than that of the wetland of Spartina altemiflora. However, the differences of the soil ash content under the two plants were not remarkable;The soil ash content of the two kinds of wetlands and the soil organic carbon existed significant negative correlation ,and the correlation with the soil moisture was also obvious;Viewed from a single type of plant, the soil ash content of Spartina altemiflora wetland was greatly related to the bulk density, the carbon content, the moisture and the salinity, and the soil ash content of Phragmites australis wetland was greatly related to pH.

Peri-urbanization area has become a hotspot in the field of international urban geography and ecology, but close attention hasn't been paid to the research of residents' environment awareness in peri-urbanization area. This study took Jimei District, Xiamen city——a typical peri-urbanization area as example, established the environmental awareness survey by questionnaires in different communities, looking for the factors of impacting residents' environment awareness and aiming to reveal the discrepancy among diverse communities by using statistical analysis. The result showed that, the most significant factor was family-income, and then education level. Meanwhile, residents' environment awareness in diverse communities of various urbanuation levels showed significant difference. In conclusion, to raise residents' education level and family-income was an important guarantee of higher environment awareness. Promoting the communities' atmosphere for higher environment awareness is a prominence way to raise residents' environment awareness.

Many investigations about phytoremediation technologies had been done and some important achievements had been acquired, however, the investigation about the remediation efficiency was less. In fact, after the soils are remediated by physical, chemical and biological methods, the effective methods should be applied to assess the ecology safety and human health problems brought by the rudimental polllutants before the soils are reused. The study discussed how to effectively and sensitively diagnose the harm caused by the pollutants from the toxicology experiment of spot observation, lab simulated observation, microcosm, spot experience and derivation, conclude the function of ecotoxicological experiments on evaluating the risks. Furthermore, future research directions were also discussed and pertinent suggestions were given..

With the rapid development of the economy and urbanization process in Xinxiang city, Henan Province, it is confronting severe environmental pollution and ecological risk, which is also the social and the political problem between human and nature. It is very necessary therefore, at the strategic height, to discuss the current status of ecocity construction in Xinxiang city. The origin and connotation of the ecocity, current status of ecocity construction at home and abroad were reviewed. The favorable conditions, restrictive factors and the necessity of constructing the ecocity in Xinxiang were also analyzed. It is very necessary in Xinxiang city, therefore, to release its internal potential and seek external power, overcome implementing obstacles arising from ecocity construction, and accelerate the developmental rate of ecocity construction.

Defense response can be induced in most terrestrial plants after they are attacked by disease and insects. On a basis of the close ecophysiological relationship between aboveground and belowground parts in plants, inaeasingly great attention has been paid to whether the treatment to the aboveground/belowground part in plants can induce the defense response in belowground/aboveground part, hence affecting the biological behavior of belowground or/and aboveground part. This paper summarizes the recent advances on the effects of mechanical damage, insect feeding and signal chemicals to aboveground/belowground part on the defense response and biological behavior in belowground/aboveground part in plants. Besides, future development direction in such fields is also put forward so as to provide a scientific foundation for in-depth studies on the interaction between the inducible defense response in aboveground and belowground parts in plants.

The most crowded and highest lakes in the world are distributed on the Tibetan Plateau. Lake Nam Co in the North Tibet is the highest great lake in the world and is the second biggest salt water lake, only inferior to Lake Qinghai, in China. Integrated ecological research in this lake will have the important model and the demonstration significance to other lakes in the Tibetan Plateau. This article summarized ecology research in Lake Nam Co from the hierarchical components of the food web, including fishes, waterfowl, aquatic plant, plankton and benthic invertebrates. In view of the fact that basic characteristics of the lake ecosystem have not yet obtain the comprehensive understanding, we suggested the ecological concerns should be concentrated on biogeochemistry, foodweb dynamics, anthropogenic effects on lake system, climatic change response and comparative limnology research in this region.