In order to develop ecological conservation and sustainable utilization of hydrobiological resources in lakes of Huaibei coal subsidence,we need to investigate their structures and functions of ecosystem.We studied the structure and dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages in two small lakes of Huaibei excavating coal subsidence region from March 2005 to February 2007. The result showed that total nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in Qianlong Lake were higher than in Nanhu Lake. Cyanophytes and Chlorophytes were two dominant groups in Qianlong Lake and Nanhu Lake,occupying 69.8% and 63.3% of annual average total phytoplankton biomass in the lakes respectively,and phytoplankton biomass was obviously lower in Nanhu Lake than in Qianlong Lake.Moreover,cyanobacterial blooms which mainly consisted of Microcystis aeruginosa appeared in summer in Nanhu Lake,while Microcystis sp.and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae which usually occurred in eutrophic lakes were not observed in Qianlong Lake.Apart from nutrition and water temperature,fish filtering and water hardness might be important factors influencing the community succession and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in small lakes of Huaibei excavating coal subsidence region.
In the present study,genetic relationship and geographic distribution of Enteromorpha genus in China coast were clarified. The samples were collected from Zhanqiao of Qingdao,Qianggang of Yancheng,Xiangshan of Ningbo and Pingyang of Wenzhou.The fragments of ITS1,5.8S rDNA and ITS2 were amplified,cloned and sequenced.The length of genetic fragments of rbcL from these four regions were all 1201bp.The nucleotide diversity and genetic distance were analyzed,and phylogenetic trees were constructed with neighbor-joining method.The results showed that the rate of evolution of ITS was the fastest,while rbcL was quite conservative.The region of ITS was short,with the content of GC up to over 65%,however the content of GC in 5.8S rDNA was 50%.ITS1 was more diverse than ITS2.There were geographic variations among the samples from the four sites.Genetic relationship between samples from Qingdao and Yancheng was closer,and so was that between samples from Xiangshan and Wenzhou.Ulva and Enteromorpha did not separate into an independent branch respectively,but they clustered together.So it can be concluded that genetic relationship between Ulva and Enteromorpha is close.Either Enteromorpha linza or Enteromorpha prolifera from Yancheng may caused the green tide in Qingdao.
We examined how nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations,and N:P ratio in legumes varied among different species and fertilizer additions,and how they were related to nutrient availability in soil.We analyzed data from field studies in Potentilla fruticosa shrubs in alpine meadow adopting fertilization experiments with legumes.The results showed that adding N and P to Medicago ruthenica Linn.and Gueldenstaedtia diversifolia Maxim increased P concentration and decreased N:P ratio,but had little effect on N concentration in leaves.N and P addition had no significant effect on N and P concentrations of Oxytropis kansuensis Bunge.P concentration was more variable than N concentration,while the variation in N:P ratie was intermediate.N concentration varied more significantly among species than among treatments,whereas P concentration and N:P ratio varied more significantly among treatments than among species.Nutrient concentration and N:P ratio in the vegetation were poorly correlated with available N and P in soil.This study suggests that the responses of individual plant species to fertilization can not be predicted from their N:P ratios but from their N and P concentrations.One-time application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can not effectively raise nitrogen supply in the second year,but it can increase the supply of soil phosphorus.In addition,in order to protect the legumes,NH4H2PO4 should not be applied over 80 g·m-2 in Potentilla fruticosa shrubs.
Using SKW-3 instrument,we determined the oxygen consumption in main development stages of Trachinotus ovatus embryos and early larvae,and investigated the influences of temperature,salinity,pH on oxygen consumption of embryos,as well as effects of copper and cadmium concentrations on oxygen consumption of early larvae.The results showed that under the conditions of(25±0.5)℃, the oxygen consumption of embryos and early larvae of T.ovatus increased gradually with prolonged development,and became the maximum when embryos were in pre-stage of hatching.The stages of gastrula and hatching were sensitive especially to dissolved oxygen content in water.Embryonic oxygen consumption increased gradually with the increase of temperature,salinity and pH,reaching the maximum value at water temperature of 25℃,salinity 35 and pH 8,and then declined gradually.The oxygen consumption showed a trend of hyperbola with the rise of copper concentration.The oxygen consumption of embryos became the highest when copper concentration was 0.01 mg·L-1 in water.Embryonic oxygen consumption decreased with the rise of cadmium concentration.
We analyzed content and distribution,dynamic change,and trophic type of nitrogen and phosphate,and evaluated environmental quality in the Yellow River Estuary and adjacent waters based on the monitoring data from 4 cruises in May 2008,August 2008,May 2009 and August 2009.The result indicated that nitrogen level was high in the Yellow River Estuary and adjacent waters,but phosphate level was low in most sea areas.The trophic type was in potential eutrophy limited by phosphorus.Trophic status of the sea areas was in mesotrophy to eutrophy.The eutrophy level in May was higher than in August,and it was higher in coastal and southward sea areas.The water quality of the sea areas was initially polluted in May 2008 and in August 2009,but it became better in August 2008 and in May 2009.
We examined the vertical distribution and seasonal variation of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),and analyzed the correlation between DIC and other environmental factors in Dalajia water in the Daya Bay,after collecting the data in four different seasons from December 2007 to September 2008.The results showed that variation of vertical DIC distribution was low in spring,autumn,and winter,but it was high in summer.DIC varied from 16.79 to 26.52 mg·L-1 in July 2008.The peak values of DIC were mainly found in middle and bottom water,especially in bottom water(13-16 m).The DIC showed a trend of being higher in spring and summer,but lower in autumn and winter.A negative correlation was found between DIC and pH and temperature.However,the DIC was positively correlated to salinity.
Microcosms were established in the laboratory.The experiment comprised of three treatment groups and one control group, which were set up by using different density of Bellamya aeruginosa.The results showed that bioturbation of B.aeruginosa had obvious effects on the concentration of organic matter at the depth of 0-0.5 cm and 0.5-2 cm from the surface layer of sediments.And the rate of C:N was decreased significantly(p<0.05).The concentrations of NH4+-N at the depth of 0-0.5cm and 0.5-2 cm surface layer of pore water in treatment 3 and treatment 2 groups were significantly different from those in control group,respectively(p<0.05).There was a significant difference in pore water NO2--N+NO3--N concentrations at 0-0.5 cm,0.5-2 cm and 2-4 cm depth layers between treatment groups and control group(p<0.05).The concentration of DIP increased first and then decreased with sediment depth,and the concentration reached a maximum value at 2-4 cm depth.The DIP concentration in pore water of surface layer(0-0.5 cm) of treatment groups was significantly different from that of control group(p<0.05).The results indicated that bioturbation of B.aeruginosa could increase the content of organic matter on sediment surface and simultaneously reduce sediment stability.
Key ecological function areas are the areas that keep ecological balance,lighten natural calamities,and ensure ecological security in region and even in the country.Due to the neglect of protection in the past,key ecological function areas have suffered destroy gravely,and counteracted sustainable development in the regions.Our country pays more attention to the key ecological function areas,and puts forward a series of protection methods to reinforce protection in the areas.There are many ecosystem services of the key ecological function area,but leading ecosystem service is the main aspect of protection.Moreover,leading ecosystem service deeply concerns with the benefit inside and outside the key ecological function area.Accordingly,valuation of leading ecosystem service may become ecological compensation standard in the key ecological function areas.The paper analyzed leading ecosystem service of Ruoergai based on the above discussion,and put forward the ecological compensation standard in theory.
We designed 250 questionnaires on the basis of contingent valuation method(CVM) after a field survey of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn) in Ordos,investigated residents' willing to pay(WTP) for landscape service function of seabuckthorn,and analyzed the correlation between respondents' WTP and factors influencing whether to pay or how much to pay with statistics software SPSS 16.0.The results indicated that WTP had remarkably significant correlation with income and willing to travel,and it was also significantly correlated with respondents' educational level and their awareness of seabuckthom.It was calculated that the mean WTP was 221.17 Yuan per resident per year and the median WTP was 110.62 Yuan.The paper extended the result to the whole Ordos area by mean value based on modified Spike model and median value,and estimated the amount WTP at 175.9 million Yuan to 309.5 million Yuan per year.
During the railways construction period,subgrade construction,tunnel excavation,etc.will induce soil and water loss,which has negative impact on eco-environment of the regions along the railway.In this study,the impact of soil and water loss for construction of the second line of Litang-Qinzhou railway was quantitatively analyzed and evaluated by using the SWII method.The results showed that the impact index value of soil erosion and water loss in the project was 0.11,which was 60% lower than the averaged value of impact indices of railway construction projects in China.The causes for the low index value included less occupation land(2.02 hm2·km-1) and influence area(0.28 hm2·km-1),little earthwork volume(3.86×104m3·km-1) and wasted excavation(0.28×104 m3·km-1), and small amount of soil and water loss(211.61 t·km-1).In addition,we could reduce construction period and increase control area of soil and water loss to mitigate the impact of soil and water loss and protect the eco-environment of the regions along the railway.
To solve the problem of ignoring CO2 emission carrying capacity(CECC) in traditional ecological footprint,we constructed a CECC model by combining net primary productivity with ecological footprint method from a standpoint of carbon absorption,taking Jilin Province as a case study.The results showed that during 1994 and 2008,the CECC per capita decreased from 2.0345 hm2 to 1.9504 hm2,showing a fluctuation with rising first and declining afterwards.In the composition of CECC,forest,arable land and grazing land are main parts,accounting for 89.54% to 94.43% of the total,and grazing land decreased most significantly from 0.5692 hm2 to 0.1857 hm2,with a decreasing percentage of 67.38.Meanwhile,less productive land area and grazing land area showed highly significant correlations with CECC per capita respectively(R2=-0.806,0.716),which indicated that the decreasing of CECC was mainly affected by less productive land expanding and grassland degenerating.The CECC model could reflect the ability of natural environment in energy waste absorbing,and be able to accord with the real situation of regional resource endowment precisely.
Suspended sediments not only influence water quality,but also play an important role in coastline evolution.With the aid of sensors on board buoy,plane and satellite,hyperspectral technique is considered as one promising tool to solve the problems in monitoring optically-complex waters.In order to apply hyperspectral techniques in the in-situ suspended sediment monitoring in estuarine waters,we carried out two cruises in the Pearl River Estuary in May 2004 and August 2006.Water samples were collected at each sampling station simultaneously.The original reflectance spectra with 0.38 nm spectral resolution were re-sampled to 10 nm,and then the first-order and second-order derivative spectra were processed.Correlation analysis was performed between the measured suspended particle matter(SPM) concentrations and each band.The results indicated that first-order derivative spectra,especially at the wavelength of 605 nm,could be used to estimate concentration of SPM at estuarine waters.This suggests a new way for the in-situ suspended sediment measurement and potential application to Hyperion and HJ-1 satellite images in the optically-complex estuarine waters.
In this paper,we observed the germination rate and germination index of Brassica chinensis L.seeds under mixed salt and alkali stress after they were treated with different concentrations of NaCl,Na2SO4,NaHCO3 and Na2CO3.The results showed that seed germination rate,germination energy,germination index and vigor index were decreased with the increase of pH and salt concentration. The correlation between germination index of B.chinensis with salt concentration was much more significant than with pH,suggesting that salt concentration had a more obvious effect on germination.Low concentration(50 mmol·L-1) salt and alkali stress had little effect on seed germination of B.chinensis,but high concentration(200 mmol·L-1) salt and alkali stress seriously affected seed germination of B. chinensis.
In order to understand the physiological properties of catalase(CAT) activity among different plant species,we measured CAT activity and hydrogen peroxide content in 40 plant leaves and 30 postharvest fruits and vegetables.The results show that CAT activity in leaves of C3 plants is higher than that of C4 and CAM plants,and CAT activity in C4 plants is higher than that in CAM plants.Leaf CAT activity reflects the physiological and ecological properties of plants in different photosynthetic metabolic types.CAT activity of leaf vegetables is the highest,followed by flower vegetables,and it is higher in corm leaf vegetables and fruit vegetables than in the bulbous vegetables,subterranean stem vegetables and subterranean root vegetables.CAT activity is closely related to physiological and ecological properties of plant organ.
As an important sector of practice teaching,graduation design(thesis) plays a crucial role in improving educational quality and fostering personal ability of students.However,there are some practical limitations in the process of graduation design(thesis),such as blindness in selecting subject,irrationality in studying time,irregularity in article writing,and scant independence opinion in thesis producing.The paper discussed the ways and means to increase quality of graduate design(thesis) talcing advantage of regulation of management and course of ecology profession.It focused on the opinions of fostering course that associated with graduate design(thesis), prolonging the time of graduate design(thesis),connecting graduate design(thesis) with studying topics,strengthening the management in the whole course of graduate design(thesis) and so on.
The ecology specialty for undergraduate,which was managed by Department of Ecology and Research Center of Hydrobiology in Jinan University and supported by National Key Discipline of Hydrobiology,was established in 2003.Students have been enrolled into this specialty since 2004.Eighty students have graduated from this specialty during the seven years' running. According to our recent years' practical experience for running this specialty,surveying and orientation of specialty development aims, we should further consider defining the feature of this specialty,optimizing the project for training students,strengthening the construction of faculty,innovating upon the mode of teaching,and upgrading the social competition power in running undergraduate education constantly.
