By taking Zhuyin Reservoir in Zhuhai as the research object and directing against the pollution problem of reservoir flowing,the main pollutants and total pollution loading were analyzed and the pollution status was evaluated.Moreover,the water environmental capacity was assessed.The results reveal that N and P concentrations are relatively higher,while concentrations of other pollutants are not high.The water environmental capacity for each pollutant is large,which for Chloride is the largest and for heavy metals are relatively small,indicating the water is of good quality and the pollution receiving ability is strong at early period of water storing.All the results provide primary data for pollution control and reasonable dispatching models for reservoir management to achieve the safe water supply.

The expression of C₄H gene and MnSOD gene in leaf,stem and root of Kandelia candel responded to the naphthalene(NAP) was evaluated in this study.Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the regulation patterns in three tissues were different.The expression of C₄H gene in leaf and stem was higher than that in root.The expression level of MnSOD was in the order of leaf >stem>root.The expression level of C₄H and MnSOD increased with the enhancement of NAP.A significantly positive correlation was also found between NAP and C₄H expression in leaf,and the correlation coefficient was 0.846 and 0.902(p<0.05),respectively.However,there was no obvious correlation between NAP and C₄H expression in stem or root.The results indicated that the C₄H and MnSOD gene regulation systems were the most sensitive in leaf,and the expression analysis indicated that they were good indicators for NAP stress.

Water extracts from five kinds of mangrove plants Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia candel,Excoecaria agallocha,Cerbera manghas and Acanthus ebracteatus were used to study the allelopathic effects on red-tide algae Phaeocystis globosa and Heterosigma akashiwo by measuring the cell density of treated algae.Besides,impacts of heat treatment on allelochemicals were examined.The results showed that both of dry powder and fresh tissue water extracts had significantly inhibitive effects on the two red-tide algae.On the fifth day,the inhibitive effects of dry powder water extracts on P.globosa and H.akashiwo were in the order of E.agallocha> K.candel> A.ebracteatus> B.gymnorrhiza> C.manghas.Fresh tissue water extracts of B.gymnorrhiza and K.candel had the most inhibitive effects on the two algae.Heat treatment study showed that algaecidal allelochemicals of K.candel and E.agallocha were relatively unstable,but algaecidal allelochemicals of B.gymnorrhiza and A.ebracteatus were relatively stable under high temperature condition.

Eutrophication often leads to the increase in biomass of blue-green algae,resulting in water quality deterioration.Community structure of blue-green algae in relation to water environments was investigated in six lake areas of Huizhou West Lake,a shallow tropical lake from February to December,2011.The results showed that there was no dominant cyanobacteria species in Yuanmiaoguan and Nannanhu;while Merismopedia glauca and Limnothrix sp.were the dominant species in Pinghu and M.glauca was the dominant species in Nanfenghu,Beifenghu and Beinanhu.The abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria changed seasonally in Pinghu,Beifenghu,Nanfenghu and Beinanhu.The correlation analysis showed that nitrogen and phosphorus controlled the biomass of cyanobacteria in Huizhou West Lake in summer,and in winter the relationship between cyanobacterial biomass and nitrogen,or phosphorus was not significant due to low water temperature.

Pot experiments were used to study the leaf nutrient status and photosynthetic physiological characteristics under Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudocacia mixed plantation.The leaf nitrogen(N),leaf phosphorus(P),ratio of N/P and Chlorophyll contents(Chl),photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured under U.pumila monoculture,R.pseudocacia monoculture and U.pumila-R.pseudocacia mixed plantation conditions.The results showed that the leaf N contents under the mixed plantation were higher than those in monocultures,but the changes of leaf P contents of U.pumila or R.pseudocacia were smaller under the two different planting ways.Chl and photosynthetic rates(P_n) of U.pumila were higher than R.pseudocacia under the mixed plantation and they were also higher than in monocultures.The Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of U.pumila were higher than R.pseudocacia and they were also higher than in monocultures.It showed that the leaf PSⅡ potential activity was improved and light energy conversion efficiency of PSⅡ was increased under the mixed plantation than in monocultures.Two different planting methods had little effect on q_p,and the NPQ of R.pseudocacia under the mixed plantation was significantly higher than in monocultures.It indicated that the PSII potential heat dissipation capacity of R.pseudocaciaa was much higher,which might be a kind of protection mechanism protecting the leaf away from light damage.This can effectively avoid the damage of excess light energy to photosynthetic apparatus.

In order to determine the removal efficiency of COD,TP,TN,cations and anions by plant,and illustrate the transfer mechanism of nitrogen-containing pollutants,Thalia dealbata was used to treat the water samples collected from an urban river in Guangzhou and a lake at Jinan University.The results indicated that T.dealbata could improve the removal ratios of COD,TP and TN.After the urban river water samples were treated for 144 h,the concentrations of TN,COD_Cr and TP were decreased from 11.15mg·L^-1,45mg·L^-1 and 1.17mg·L^-1to 3.21mg·L^-1,15.8mg·L^-1 and 0.53mg·L^-1,respectively.After the lake water samples were treated for 144 h,they were reduced from 4.50mg·L^-1,36mg·L^-1 and 0.25mg·L^-1 to 2.31mg·L^-1,11.7mg·L^-1 and 0.03mg·L^-1,separately.Moreover,the indigenous microorganisms and T.dealbata could remove NH₄⁺ effectively,and induced nitrosification and nitrification.However,they did not change the levels of Cl^-,SO₄^2-,Na⁺,K⁺,Mg²⁺and Ca²⁺.

Three emergent aquatic plants including Scirpus validus,Phragmites australis and Zizania latifolia,commonly found in Yunnan plateau wetland lakeside were selected to study the purification effect using pot experiments.The biomass,resistance,nitrogen(N) removal and their relationships of the plants were studied under the TN concentrations of 10 15 mg.L 1in the sewage.The results showed that the N removal ability had significant correlation with the plant physiological reaction and growth.The relative growth rates of S.validus,Z.latifolia and P.australis were 0.0023,0.0012 and 0.0017 d 1,respectively.Growth rate in height of S.validus was 1.4 times and 1.84 times higher than that of Z.latifolia and P.australis,respectively.The biomass of S.validus reached 3.53 g,which was 1.76 times and 2.22 times higher than that of P.australis and Z.latifolia,respectively.The N accumulation capacity of S.validus was 1.1 times and 1.3 times larger than that of P.australis and Z.latifolia,respectively,and it also had significantly higher N assimilation efficiency as compared to Z.latifolia and P.australis.For S.validus,P.australis and Z.latifolia,the sewage N removal rates were 86.59%,76.32% and 74.83%;the rates of N uptake were 23.81%,8.55% and 11.30%;the conductivities were 1.136,2.214 and 1.413;and the ratios of MDA were 0.962,1.629 and 2.06.S.validus appeared to be most efficient in both of purification and stress resistance.The result showed that the functioning of plants and their adaptation to environment not only depend on their biological characteristics but also on the growth environment.To apply the aquatic plants to treat the polluted lakes,the compatibility of plant biological characteristics and plant adaptability should be considered;otherwise,the goal of purifying polluted lake waters could not be reached.

This paper studied the correlations among the main leaf functional traits in tree species in Davidia involucrate communities at the Houhe Nature Reserve in Hubei.The main leaf functional traits were compared between D.involucrata and other dominant trees by age classes [first class(dbh<2.5 cm),second class(dbh=2.5 22.5 cm)and third class(dbh>22.5 cm)].Results showed that specific leaf area(SLA) had significantly negative correlations with both the mass-based(CC_m) and area-based(CC_a) leaf construction cost(p<0.01).A higher SLA and mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration(N_mass) but lower CC_m,CC_a,and area-based leaf nitrogen concentration(N_area) were found in D.involucrate as compared with other tree species,suggesting a more efficient capture of limiting resources in D.involucrate than in other species.Maximum rate of photosynthesis(A_max),dark respiration rate(Rd),light compensation point(LCP),and light saturation point(LSP) were all ranked in the order of third class > second class > first class,but SLA showed a reverse sequence(p<0.05).Results in this study suggest that D.involucrata has a flexible light-adaptation strategy in its early growth phase as first class under the shade,but becomes shade-intolerant when growing into second class.Light limitation is likely one of the major constraints in population growth of D.involucrate.

Based on the forest resource inventory data of 2007 in Shenzhen City,the carbon storage and carbon density were measured using the volume-derived method,and spatial distribution pattern of forest carbon was also studied.The results showed that total forest carbon of 2005 in Shenzhen City was 225.04×10⁴Mg.The average carbon density was 25.63 MgC·hm^-2.Spatial distribution patterns of forest carbon in each district of Shenzhen city were significantly different,which were in the order of Longgang District(123.13×10⁴ Mg)> Bao'an District(46.70×10⁴Mg)> Yantian District(20.49×10⁴Mg)> Luohu District(14.75×10⁴Mg)> Nanshan District(12.79×10⁴Mg)> Futian District(5.63×10⁴Mg)> protected areas(1.57×10⁴Mg).Carbon densities in each district of Shenzhen City were not significantly correlated to spatial distribution patterns of forest carbon,which were sequenced as Yantian District(46.18 MgC·hm²)> Futian District(37.63 MgC·hm²)> Luohu District(36.78 Mg C·hm)> Longgang District(26.60 MgC·hm²)> protection area>(24.19 MgC·hm²)> Bao'an District(19.53 MgC·hm²).Carbon storage of high forest was 146.11×10⁴Mg,in which the young forest accounted for 73.2%.The average carbon density was 30.76 MgC·hm².Forest division in Shenzhen City was studied based on the spatial difference between forest carbon storage and carbon density,and the effective measures to improve the forest carbon sequestration were proposed.

The expressions patterns of five isozymes(LDH,MDH,ME,EST and SOD) were investigated in different tissues of Pengze crucian carp(Carassius auratus),silver crucian carp D(C.auratus gibelio),and wild crucian carp(C.auratus),respectively,using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Two bands(LDH7'and LDH8') of LDH isozyme in liver tissue of Pengze crucian carp were more than those of silver crucian carp D.The main differences in SOD existed at heart and kidney,which showed one more band(SOD12') of Pengze crucian carp than those of silver crucian carp D.The results indicated that Pengze crucian carp is different from sliver crucian carp in biochemical level;they perhaps come from different region and have different ancestor.Meanwhile,the electrophoretogram of Pengze crucian carp and silver crucian carp all included the basal patterns of wild crucian carp.Specially,EST isozyme patterns between Pengze crucian carp and wild crucian carp were similar among the patterns of several isozyme.It is presumed that Pengze crucian carp and silver crucian carp were all originated from wild crucian carp.The relation between Pengze crucian carp and wild crucian carp is closer than that of silver crucian carp and wild crucian carp.

Filter-feeding omnivorous fish was the common fish in southern China.In order to evaluate the influence of the fish on zooplankton community,the changes in species composition,abundance of zooplankton community after filter-feeding omnivorous fish stocking were studied in this study.The results showed that after the fish stocking,there was a rapid decrease in abundance of Cladocera(Diaphanosoma dubium and Moina micrura) and Copepoda(Thermocyclops mongolicusand and Tropodiaptomus australis).The density of Rotifera increased one week after stocking,and then high density was maintained.The dominant species of Rotifers were also changed,with Brachionus dominating in the first two weeks and Trichocereidae pusilla,Polyarthra trigla and Anuraeopsis fissa dominating during the rest of the study period.Our study demonstrated that filter-feeding omnivorous fish can impose a significant impact on zooplankton community,and large-sized zooplankton suffered a more significantly negative effect leading to the dominance of small-sized individuals and species in zooplankton community.

Three sections(designated as A,B,C),separated by 500 m along the right outfall near Guohua Power Plant in Ninghai in XiangShan Bay,were designed and used to test changes in meiofauna abundance and community structure in summer(June) and winter(December),2008.Ten meiofauna taxa with average abundance 9407.9 inds/10cm² were founded.The dominant fauna was free-living marine nematoda,which accounted for 62.3%and the following dominant one was ostracoda(accounted for 19.3 %).ANOSIM results showed that there was seasonally significant difference in meiofauna abundance(P<0.05),and average abundance(8055.3±1282.9 inds/10cm²) in summer was about three times higher than that in winter(2141.1±614.2 inds/10cm²).Among three sections,no difference in abundance existed in winter,while significant difference existed in summer(P<0.05).Furthermore,the lowest abundance in section A(1002.8 inds/10cm²) was also founded.SIMPER analysis indicated that marine nematode,ostracoda,gastrotricha,tubellaria and copepoda were the taxa that contributed to the non-similarities among sections.Moreover,these taxa often shifted in different seasons which indicated that the meiobenthic community near the Power Plant was unstable due to the high-temperature drainage,not only in horizontal distribution,but also in vertical distribution.

Microstructure and ultrastructure of Hemifusus termatamus egg development were observed using paraffin section and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that the nucleus of H.termatamus oogonium is large.Oval and its nuclear membrane are irregular depression.A large number of mitochondria and Golgi bodies are in the cytoplasm.According to the amount and size of yolk particles,the oocytes can be divided into prophase,interim,and later phase.Chromatin condensates in the nucleus,nucleolus is visible and perinuclear space emerges in the preoocyte.The nucleus moves to one side of the cell in the interim oocyte and chromatin is in the high electron density state,but the nucleolus is not obvious or disappears.In the later oocytes the shape of nucleus is irregular because of extrusion.A small number of mitochondria can be seen in the cytoplasm,but a large number of yolk granules fuse into a large ball in the cytoplasm.Yolk is rich and lipid droplet is big in the mature oocyte.

Bonding adhesives including α-starch,sodium alginate and gelatin were used to make formula feed for Hemifusus tuba(Gmelin),in which flour and α-starch were set at five level of 5.0%,8.0%,11.0%,14.0%,17.0%,while sodium alginate and gelatin were set 1.0%,4.0%,7.0%,10.0% and 13.0%.The effects of the four adhesives on formula feed of H.tuba were studied using the indexes of shortest time of no collapsing and dissolved rate of the feed;besides,food intake effect of H.tuba was investigated for the adhesive of 17% flour,11% α-starch,10% sodium alginate and 7% gelatin.The results showed that the optimal additions of adhesives were 17% flour,11% α-starch,10% sodium alginate and 7% gelatin,and the corresponding conformal times were 0.7,1.5,3.1 and 4.1 h.We also found that gelatin had the lowest dissolved rate(33.28%) and the highest feeding rate(26.25%).On the contrary,formula feed with flour had the highest dissolved rate(75.40%) and the lowest feeding rate(15.33%).In summary,gelatin was the best among the adhesives to make formula feed for H.tuba.

Temperature is one of the important ecological factors determining the life history characteristics of rotifers.In the present study,the life history characteristics of Brachionus calyciflorus collected from Tunxi section of Xin'an River were studied under four different temperatures(15℃,20℃,25℃ and 30℃)by means of life table demographic approach.The results showed that the survivorship and the fecundity of B.calyciflorus differed under different temperatures.Under the four cultural temperatures,the generation time of the rotifer was the longest under 15℃ while it was the shortest and had no significant differences under 25℃ and 30℃.The intrinsic rate of population increase of the rotifer was lower under relatively lower temperatures(15℃,20℃) and larger under relatively higher temperatures(25℃,30℃).The life expectancy and average lifespan of the rotifer were the longest under 15℃.But there was no significant difference under the rest three temperatures.There were no significant differences on the net reproductive rate and percentage of mictic femaless in offspring of B.calyciflorus.

In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to observe the growth responses of ramie(Boehmeria nivea ) and its tolerance,accumulation and transfer characteristics under cadmium(Cd) stress.Cd of low concentration(≤100mg·kg^-1) promoted the growth of ramie by increasing its plant height,stem diameter,number of effective tillers and biomass,and the most obvious effect was found under Cd concentration of 50mg·kg^-1.The growth was restricted significantly with the increasing of Cd concentrations.It could grow under 500mg·kg^-1 Cd,indicating it has a strong tolerance to heavy metal Cd stress.The Cd content in both root and shoot of ramie increased with the raising of Cd concentrations,with the highest Cd content in 221.95 and 390.61mg·kg^-1respectively under 500mg·kg^-1Cd.The Cd factors of bioaccumulation and transfer were 0.96-2.44 and 0.57-0.94.Therefore,ramie is not a Cd hyperaccumulator,but a Cd enrichment plant.Since ramie has a well-developed root system,solid soil water retention capability and large shoot biomass,etc.,it is a desirable plant that can be used for heavy metal Cd-contaminated soil remediation.

Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell BEL-7402 SCID mouse model was established.Transfection was performed using lipofectamine,and flow cytometry was employed to detect TCRVβ7.1 gene expression.Caudal vein injection,subcutaneous injection adjacent to tumor and intraperitoneal injection were used to transfect the TCRVβ7.1 gene.Distribution of lymphocyte was detected by immunohistochemistry.The weight and size of tumour were measured,and inhibition rate of tumour was analyzed to study the anti-tumour effect of TCRVβ7.1 gene on SCID mice.This study provides experimental data for the anti-tumour effect of the gene in clinical treatment.

Combined toxic effect may result from the concurrent exposure of multiple toxicants.In this study,the combined toxic effect of dimethylphthalate(DMP) and diethylphthalate(DEP) on growth of Dunaliella salina was evaluated by taking the 96h EC₅₀as one toxic unit(TU).The single toxic effect as well as combined toxic effect on the biomass,soluble protein content and photosynthetic pigment content of D.Salina was detected based on the different toxicity unit proportion of 1:1,1:4,and 4:1.The results showed that both DMP and DEP inhabited the growth of D.Salina.Moreover,the toxic effect of simultaneous exposure was more significant than single exposure of the two chemicals.The values of 96h EC₅₀ of DMP and DEP on D.Salina were 317.49mg·L^-1and 69.54mg·L^-1,respectively.Synergetic effect was observed for the toxicity of DMP and DEP in three toxicity unit proportions,which was more obvious in the proportion of 1:1.

Effects of exogenous organic carbons including glucose and sodium acetate on the growth and total lipid content of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis were investigated in this study.The results showed that with the increasing of concentrations of glucose and sodium acetate,the growth and total lipid content increased first and then decreased.The upper limits of concentrations of glucose and sodium acetate for increasing the growth were 50 and 30g·L^-1 respectively.The biomass of I.zhanjiangensis was significantly increased when the glucose was 15g·L^-1,or sodium acetate was 2.5-15g·L^-1.Glucose of 1.0-50g·L^-1 and sodium acetate of 1.0-15g·L^-1 promoted the total lipid content of I.zhanjiangensis.Glucose of 15g·L^-1,or sodium acetate of 7.5g·L^-1 increased the biomass and total lipid content by 30%.The results indicate that glucose and sodium acetate can obviously increase the biomass and total lipid content,and that their optimal concentrations were 1.5 and 7.5g·L^-1.The ability of I.zhanjiangensis for utilizing glucose and sodium acetate is limited for mixotrophic growth.

The ecological environment issues caused by urbanization seriously block the development of cities.Therefore,the building of ecological cities becomes the most important measure of sustainable development.This paper adopts PSR model as the framework of the eco-city construction indicator system,and builds the eco-city construction indicator system aiming at the characteristics of the coastal eco-city construction which bases on the indexes of national eco-city construction,and applies entire-array-polygon method to make the trend analysis of synthesis development ability of Yantai eco-city.The research results indicate that the complex ability for sustainable development in Yantai city went from moderate to better between 2005 and 2010;the complex ability of sustainable development of Yantai city is predicated to increase from 2010 and 2020 according to "The constructive planning of Yantai ecological city".So this paper proposes targeted management measures.It provides an evaluation indicator system and management strategies for the eco-city construction of Yantai city and tries to perfect the indicator system for the eco-city construction of coastal cities.

Changes of soil nematode types and diversity were investigated in this study by taking an ecological green-land with 100 km long and 10 km wide from Liwan District of Guangzhou,going northeast and extending to Conghua Stream Natural Reserve as an example.Totally 17 538 soil nematodes were identified,belonging to two class,four order and sixteen genus.Bacteria-feeding nematode occupied 75.82% and it was the dominant species.The change trend of Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of soil nematodes from different transects line were the same,and at the distance of 45 km from the city center,the soil nematode diversity had a turning point,which decreased firstly and then increased.The areas with extremely low population density had the most genus,and also had the highest soil nematode Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index diversity and Pielou evenness.

Effects of exogenous organic carbons including glucose and sodium acetate on the growth and total lipid content of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis were investigated in this study.The results showed that with the increasing of concentrations of glucose and sodium acetate,the growth and total lipid content increased first and then decreased.The upper limits of concentrations of glucose and sodium acetate for increasing the growth were 50 and 30g·L^-1 respectively.The biomass of I.zhanjiangensis was significantly increased when the glucose was 15g·L^-1,or sodium acetate was 2.5-15g·L^-1.Glucose of 1.0-50g·L^-1 and sodium acetate of 1.0-15g·L^-1 promoted the total lipid content of I.zhanjiangensis.Glucose of 15g·L^-1,or sodium acetate of 7.5g·L^-1 increased the biomass and total lipid content by 30%.The results indicate that glucose and sodium acetate can obviously increase the biomass and total lipid content,and that their optimal concentrations were 1.5 and 7.5g·L^-1.The ability of I.zhanjiangensis for utilizing glucose and sodium acetate is limited for mixotrophic growth.