Spatiotemporal variations of nitrous oxide distribution and flux in estuaries of Guangdong Province
ZHANG Xiao-meng1, YANG Yang1,3, CAI Nan2, LIU Wang2, Qiao Yong-min1,3
1. Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; 2. South China Institute of Environmental sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China; 3. Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Guangzhou 510632, China
The concentrations and water-atmosphere fluxes of dissolved N2O were investigated in estuaries of 13 rivers of Guangdong Province during July(flooded season) and December(dry season),2011.N2O concentrations in the surface water were measured by purge and trap-gas chromatography,N2O water-atmosphere fluxes were estimated by Liss & Merlivat formula.The results demonstrated that dissolved N2O concentrations in the flooded season were 15.37-175.22 nmol/L,with an average of(73.77±43.58) nmol/L,N2O water-atmosphere fluxes in flooded season were 0.26-5.40 μmol/(m2·d),with an average of(2.53±1.94) μmol/(m2·d).While in dry season,N2O concentrations ranged from 44.26 nmol/L to 366.11 nmol/L,with an average of(126.61±102.74) nmol/L,N2O water-atmosphere fluxes ranged from 0.86 μmol/(m2·d) to 21.88 μmol/(m2·d),with an average of(7.50±6.65) μmol/(m2·).N2O concentrations and water-atmosphere fluxes of flooded season were lower than those of dry season.Compared with other studies,the estuaries in this study had lower N2O concentrations and water-atmosphere fluxes.
张晓萌1, 杨扬1,3*, 蔡楠2, 刘旺2, 乔永民1,3. 广东省入库河口N2O分布和通量的时空变化[J]. , 2012, 31(3): 306-311.
ZHANG Xiao-meng1, YANG Yang1,3, CAI Nan2, LIU Wang2, Qiao Yong-min1,3. Spatiotemporal variations of nitrous oxide distribution and flux in estuaries of Guangdong Province. , 2012, 31(3): 306-311.
[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).TheScience of Climate Change[M].NewYork:CambridgeUniversity Press,2007.
[2] Cole J J,Caraco N F.Emissions of Nitrous Oxide(N2O)from a Tidal,Freshwater River,the Hudson River,NewYork[J].Environmental Science& Technology,2001,35(6):991-996.
[3] Seitzinger S P,Styles R V,Kroeze C.Global distribution of N2O emissions from aquatic systems:natural emissions andanthropogenic effects[J].Chemosphere-Global ChangeScience,2000,2:267-279.
[4] Nedwell D B,Trimmer M.Nitrogen fluxes through theupper estuary of the Great Ouse,England:the role of thebottom sediments[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1996,142:273-286.
[5] Stow C A,Walker J T,Cardoch L,Spence P,Geron C.N2O Emissions from Streams in the Neuse River Watershed,North Carolina[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2005,39(18):6999-7004.
[6] Garnier J,Billen G,Vilain G,Martinez A,Silvestre M,Mounier E,Toche F.Nitrous oxide(N2O) in the Seine riverand basin:Observations and budgets[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2009,113:223-233.
[7] Zhang G L,Zhang J,Liu S M,Ren J L,Zhao Y C.Nitrousoxide in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary and itsadjacent marine area:Riverine input,sediment release andatmospheric fluxes[J].Biogeosciences,2010,7:3505-3516.
[8] Garnier J,Cébron A,Tallec G,Billen G,Sebilo M,MartinezA.Nitrogen behaviour and nitrous oxide emission in thetidal Seine River estuary(France) as influenced by humanactivities in the upstream watershed[J].Biogeochemistry,2006,77:305-326.
[9] Dong L F,Nedwell D B,Colbeck I,Finch J.Nitrous OxideEmission from some English and Welsh Rivers andEstuaries[J].Water,Air,& Soil Pollution,2004,4:127-134.
[10] 赵静,张桂玲,吴莹,张经.长江溶存氧化亚氮的分布与释放[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(9):1995-2002.
[11] 孙玮玮,王东启,陈振楼,胡蓓蓓,许世远.长江三角洲平原河网水体溶存CH4和N2O浓度计其排放通量[J].中国科学,2009,39(2):165-175.
[12] 晏维金,王蓓,李新艳,王芳.河流溶存N2O的环境化学过程及其在水-气界面交换过程的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):0015- 0022.
[13] Weiss R F,Price B A.Nitrous oxide solubility in water andseawater[J].Marine Chemistry,1980,8:347-359.
[14] 张桂玲.中国近海部分海域溶解甲烷和氧化亚氮的生物地球化学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2004.
[15] 国家环保总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:210-280.
[16] 陈勇,袁东星,李权龙.常温吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定海水中N2O[J].分析化学,2007,35(6):897-900.
[17] Wanninkhof R.Relationship between wind speed and gasexchange over the ocean[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1992,97(C5):7373-7382.
[18] Liss P S,Merlivat L.Air-sea gas exchange:introductionand synthesis[A].In:Buat-Ménard P(ed).The Role ofAir-sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling[C].New York:Reidel publishing company,NATO ASI Series,1986,185:113-127.
[19] 熊正琴,邢光熹,沈光裕,施书莲,杜丽娟.太湖地区湖水与河水中溶解N2O及其排放[J].环境科学,2002,23(6):26-30.
[20] 丁建平,程静,杨建明. 溶解性气体对开式循环凝汽器运行特性的影响[J]. 热力透平,2004,33(1):41-45.
[21] 关道明,赵化德,姚子伟.辽河口海域N2O分布特征和海气通量研究[J]. 海洋学报,2009,31(1):85-90.
[22] Hendzel L L,Matthews C J D,Venkiteswaran J J,Louis,LST,Burton D,Joyce E M,Bodaly R A.Nitrous oxide fluxesin three experimental boreal forest reservoirs[J].Environmental science & technology,2005,39(12):4353-4360.