According to soil-magnetized and bio-magnetized effects, the improvement in the quality of rape (Brassica napus L.) and indication of soil-health quality by action of magnetization was testified using the pot-culture experiment. The result indicated that biological yield of rape was not only increased, but also vitamin C in rape plants was increased after the soil was treated by 200 mT of magnetization fields. However, the content of nitrate in rape tissues was decreased. It thus reflected that soil-health quality has been improved due to soil magnetization.

The community structure of arthropods both in heterogenous and in monotogenous habitat in two-crop paddy field area was studied with the suction sampler. Both the species richness and number of individuals of predatory arthropods in paddy field in heterogenous habitats were larger remarkably than those in monotogenous ones both at early stage at early rice and at whole stage at late rice. There were more species richness and less number of individuals of phytophagous insects in paddy field in heterogenous habitats than that in monotogenous ones. These results suggest that the community of predatory arthropods in non-rice habitats nearby the paddy field might be an important species pool for reestablishment of the community of predatory arthropods in paddy field.

Poncirus trifoliata, an important rootstock of citrus crops, suffered from chlorosis in CaCO₃-rich soil,which is one of the difficult-to-tackle problems in the citrus industry in China. Experiments were conducted on the responses of calluses of Poncirus trifoliata to calcareous stress. Various stress levels were made by adding 0, 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.7%, and 1.0% CaCO₃ in MT medium. The results showed that the whole CaCO₃ stress caused poor ability of H⁺ exudation and low proliferation, weakened activity of peroxidese(POD) and decreased contents of active iron and soluble protein. CaCO₃ stress enhaced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)during the initial culture period and weakened it afterwards.,and enriched total iron for 25 days culture. The negative correlation between CaCO₃ concentration and the activities of POD, SOD, CAT, the content of active iron, the content of soluble protein and callus growth is signicant at the 0.01 or 0.05 level. The positive correlation between CaCO₃ concentration and medium pH is signicant at the 0.01 level.

Xianghu Lake is tropical urban lake, lacated in Zhaoqin city of Guangdong Province, and it has five sublakes which connect each other. The water quality for the four sub-lakes was investigated in 2002. The results indicated that the trophic level in the sublake Bohai was the highest, and followed by sublake: Zhongxin. In comparison with the measurement in 1996-1997, Zhongxin sublake, used to be the lowest sulake in trophic level, changed from mesotrophic to meso-eutrophic. The concentration of Chlorophyll-a was significately relayed to the concentration of NO₃^-, but not with the concentration of PO₄^3-, suggested that NO₃^- may be the main limited factor for primary production. In contrast to the data from 1996-1997, the nitrogen loading in Xinghu Lake increased by 46.5%, phosphorus loading decreased by 40.8%, the concentration of Chlorohylla increased from 6.0mg·m^-3 to 16.9 mg·m^-3.

Reservoir water supply has been an important way to settle the shortage of water resource, especially for the urban water supply. The water quality and trophic level were investigated in a newly constructed reservoir—Feilaixia Reservoir from 2001 to 2003. The data showed that concentration of main nutrients and phytoplankton abundance are low, and the water quality is good enough to be used as the water source for drinking water. As a very short retention time for the flowing water in the reservoir, the water quality has a little variation in seasons. Feilaixia Reservoir takes an obvious advantage in stable water supply for both water amount and water quality. To meet sustainable water supply, more attention has to be paid to watershed management.

Nanjiang Industrial Estate is located near the north branch of Zhujiang River, there are some metals machining, plating factories. To investigate the present condition of the ecological environment around Nanjiang Industrial Estate, we investigated the land ecological environment and the aqutic environment around Nanjiang Industrial Estate. The result showed that the Industrial Estate building had certain influence on the land ecological environment. To some extent about 333 hm² lands will be occupied and spoilt, in which the water and soil loss of excavation and fill were 110 t·km^-2·a^-1, 225 t·km^-2·a^-1, but after adopting the protective measures, the water and soil loss of excavation and fill were 58 t·km^-2·a^-1, 45 t·km^-2·a^-1 respectively. The Industrial Estate building also had some impacted on the hydrobiont of the water body.

In order to study the sanitary quality of farmed oyster from Shenzhen seaboard,the contents of pollutants within it were detected from Jan.2002 to Feb. 2004. The results showed that the concentrations of pollutants were benzene hexachloride(BHC) ND(Could not be detected)～0.100 mg· Kg^-1 wet weight,DDT0.004～0.255 mg·Kg^-1 wet weight,the total bacteria ND～9.3×10⁴ Ind·g^-1,coliforms bacteria ND～5.6×10⁴ Ind(100g)^-1,and PSP ND～34μg·(100g)^-1, and only the Vibrio parahaemolyticus of Crassostrea rivularis from Shajing and Houhai could be detected out.Comparing with the safety standard of non-social effects of pollution on aquatic product(GB18406.4-2001),we found that BHC,DDT,the total bacteria and PSP satisfied the criterion,while the Vibrio parahaemolyticus of Crassostrea rivularis from Shajing and Houhai exceeded and all sites had samples that were beyond the standard of coliforms bacteria.Combined with the contents of heavy metals,we found that the oyster of Shenzhen seaboard was generally polluted by different matters and the sanitary quality was not good.The sanitary quality of Crassostrea rivularis from Zhujiang Mouth and Shenzhen Bay was worse than that of Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea plicatula from Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay.

The simulation experiments were carried on the influence of acid rain on a kind of famous fruit tree-longan. Results showed that acid rain could do damage on the leaf and tip of longan tree. Nutritional elements-K、Mg、P、Fe、Zn and Mn seeped and chlorophyll reduced. H⁺、Cl^- in acid rain were absorbed by cell that could do a lot of damage. The lower value of pH, the more harm. The situation of death would happen when the value of pH was below 3. Ca²⁺ had a trend for protection in transportation. A better way for reducing the harm of acid rain was to spray the mixture over the tree which was composed of 1.0 mg KH₂PO₄、 3.3 mg Ca(NO₃),42 g FeSO₄,29 g H₃BO₃ per miller. The concentration of mixture would not exceed 50 times. Acid rain could also do damage on the flower, bud and young fruit of longan tree to different degrees that flower was most, bud was second and young fruit was third. The mixture of 3.3 mg Ca(NO₃)₂,2.7 mg KNO₃,42 g FeSO₄ per miller which was sprayed on the young fruit could provide protection. Some measures such as fertile soil, good care of farm and enough nutrition for fruit tree would be a better way for reducing the harm of acid rain.

Oxygen consumption rate (R_O) and NH₃-N excretion rate (R_N) of larvae, juvenile and young Pelteobogrus fulvidraco were studied at four different temperatures (20, 24, 28, 32℃). The results show that both R_O and R_N of Pelteobogrus fulvidraco rise with temperature increasing and reduce along with weight increasing; The relationships among weight, temperature, R_O and R_N can be expressed by the following equations: R_O=0.0224T^0.6428·e^0.1284W, R_N=0.2654T^0.4326·e^0.1417W.

Odor pollutants can be controlled in the early, middle and late raising-stage in a scaled pig farm. Tests and experiments showed that feed additives contained deodorant microorganisms and other chemical ingredients could reduce ammonia and sulfuretted hydrogen efflux 38.6% and 20.6% in pigsty, and 14.7% and 20.4% in wastewater adjusting tank respectively, meanwhile odor concentration was remarkable reduced 43.8%. When solid odor absorbers were positioned in rows in pigsty, the ammonia and sulfuretted hydrogen concentrations were reduced 29.5% and 30.4% in pigsty, and 30.2% and 0% in wastewater adjusting tank, odor concentration also remarkable reduced 31.9%. At the piggery wastewater treatment station, the deodorant fine spray was effluented from the odor biological equipment, the concentrations of ammonia was reduced 14.7%, 24.6% and 48.2%, and sulfuretted hydrogen was reduced 18.1%,25.8% and 13.0% in wastewater adjusting tank, excrement tank and screen tank respectively, odor concentration was reduced 82.6% obviously by the equipment.

Liuxihe River was one of the most important rivers in Guangzhou and about 60% drinking water of Guangzhou city was supplied by this river. In order to investigate the water quality of Liuxihe River, seven sampling sites were set along the river and water quality parameters were analyzed monthly in 2003. The water quality status in the upstream site Liangkou was much better than that in the downstream site Nangang throughout the year. Most of the parameters in Nangang had exceeded the water quality standard Ⅱ including DO, CODMn, BOD₅, NH₃-N and TP. Among these parameters, DO was the worst item and the maximum value of it was only 4.94mgL. Water quality was worse in dry season than that in flood season. From Liangkou to Nangang, the pH and DO declined gradually while CODMn, BOD₅, NH₃-N, TP increased. The results showed that water quality in the downstream of Liuxihe River had been polluted by organic matter.

In Zhexi power station of Hunan of China, a species of caddisfly named Amphipsyche proluta MacLachlan has arised in a great quantities (over 10 tons or 1000 millions individual) every year, and becomes a serious biological disaster. The ecological management of this insect are reported in this paper. Down from the dam of Zhexi reservoir, since the flowing speed of water on the river bed is faster, it is difficult to use common methods such as chemical, agricultural, physical and biological control methods to control this insect. Based on the investigation, experiments and analyses in 1997 to 2000, a better ecological measure was suggested to control the pest, which included digging the bigger stone on the river bed away, deepening the depth of water, and slowing down the flowing speed. It is expected that the environment in which the larvae live will be changed and this caddisfly will be controlled, ultimately a fundamental treatment to this insect will be given.

The availability of potassium and K-fixation as affected by application of biogas residue on farming brown soil & meadow soil has been investigated with wetting-drying incubation experiments. Results indicate that after biogas residue application, (1) potassium releasing from soil can be evidently promoted. Decrease of amount of fast available K can be made with air-drying process when it is higher than 99.24 mg·kg^-1 in brown soil control, and 83.23 mg·kg^-1 in meadow soil control. Interbedded K will be released if only fast available K is lower than 130.53 mg·kg^-1 in brown soil, and 139.29 mg·kg^-1 in meadow soil with 6% biogas residue addition. (2)K-fixation of extra-K can be efficiently reduced. The capacity of K-fixation is respectively decreased 12.51 and 54.81 mg·kg^-1 on brown soil & 62.57 and 137.66 mg·kg^-1 on meadow soil with 2% and 6% biogas residue application after 15 days wetting-drying incubation.

The vertical migration of cell of two algal species (Microcystis aeroginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus), represented by attenuation coefficient (K) and sinking velocity (V), was studied in self-made sinking column. Results showed that the property in vertical migration of these two species were different in 4 irradiation intensities and 3 growth phases. For Scenedesmus obliquus colony, the K_min is -0.0021 cm^-1 (migrating upward) and the K_max is 0.0065 cm^-1 (sinking downward),and the value of relative parameter is-0.0029 cm^-1and 0.0036 cm^-1 for Microcystis colony respectively. Most values of R² of exponential simulation was more than 0.6, which showed R² can reflect the property of cell sinking and the variation of cell density according to depth exponentially. The maxim of sinking velocity (V_max), 4.681cm·h^-1 (downward), was obtained in Scenedesmus colony in exponential phase, and the V_min of migration velocity,-1.790 cm·h^-1 (upward) was present in stable phase of Microcystis colony. The data gained in this study may be a direct evidence to explain the mechanism of population domination of Microcystis spp.

Meta-analysis, a statistical method to summarize independent studies under the same subject, is considered as the best quantitative summary method up to date. Effect size is its metric. Cumulative effect size and total heterogeneity,the most important parameters in meta-analysis, are the index which denote the center trend and variance of effect sizes in meta-analysis respectively. The method of their calculation depends on the different structure data. In this paper, three calculation methods suited to three different structure data (no structure data, categorical structure data and continuous structure data) were introduced and compared.

The livestock and poultry raising pollution was investigated in Leizhou Peninsula in 2001. The results show that there are 413 livestock and poultry farms in Leizhou Peninsula, which produced urine and sewage are 328,600 tons and 1,975,000 tons every year respectively. And the annual amount of piggeries drained urine and sewage are 247,600 tons and 1,221,600 tons, accounting for 75.35% and 61.85% of the total amount of the whole peninsula, thus it can be seen that piggery is the primary pollution source of livestock and poultry raising. The main areas of livestock and poultry raising pollution in Leizhou Peninsula are distributed in Leizhou City, Mazhang District, Suixi County and Wuchuan City. The article also discusses the problem of livestock and poultry farms pollution, and puts forward corresponding environmental management and countermeasures at last.

Phytoremediation has a strong potential as a natural, solar-energy driven remediation approach for the treatment of sites, groundwater and wastewater contaminated with various chemicals. The basic mechanism of phytoremediation is the use of green plants natural abilities to remove, contain, inactivate, or degrade constituents of contaminated media. It is inexpensive, effective and green. A special advantage of phytoremediation compared to other treatment methods is that soil functioning is maintained and life in soils is reactivated. In this paper, heavy emphasis is placed on the discussion of relevant processes and existing uncertainties in phytoremediation. This article also intends to give an overview of current development, and an insight into methods and application. A number of external and internal factors are involved in the field application and its basic mechanisms are still under development, so the reality of phytoremediation as an in-situ technique is very different to evaluate. In conclusion, full understanding of phytoremediation would require a more comprehensive study than as it was done in this report.

The ecological control on tea pests in China was reviewed in this paper. Ecological control is a new strategy of pest management in tea production. Its characters, principles and methods were discussed. It is posed that ecological control on tea pest should gain an insight into the ecosystem of tea garden, then take some effectual measures against the population of pests, keep the ecosystem of tea garden in efficient, low consume and sustainable development condition. Some elements such as surroundings, tea plants, natural enemies and cultural measures in tea garden were also analyzed in details. Although, ecological control on tea pests has made some progress, this strategy still needs to be ameliorated constantly for further improvement.

Compared with the open marine ecosystem, the ecosystem of estuaries and bays have more diverse characters because of complicated environmental factors and anthropogenic impacts. Primary production is one of the research fields on the ecosystem of estuaries and bays, and is also an important factor on potential fishery evaluation, aquatic environmental assessment and management of environments. Research progress of primary production in estuaries and bays in the last 10 years are summarized. Detailed explanation and conclusion of recent reports on key environmental factors controlling primary production, the size fractionation of primary producer, the mechanism of red tides, evaluations of the primary production quantity are included in the paper in order to describe the characters and rules of the ecosystems, and discuss the development of assessment techniques and research focuses on primary production in the estuaries and bays.

The total value of ecosystem services in Jilin Province was 1.74×10¹⁰ USD·a^-1, 3.6% of the total value in China. Wetland contributed the main part, which amounted to 51.3% of the total value. Grassland d:d the smallest part, being 1.6% of the total. Rivers, Lakes, forests, and cultivated lands contributed respectively 29%, 15% and 3.1% to the total. It can be seen that, in JiLin Province, forests, grassland, and cultivated lands, covering more than 90% of the total acreage, accounted to merely 20% of the total ecosystem services value; while rivers, lakes and wetland, 6.2% of the total acreage, accounted to about 80% of the total ecosystem services value. Among the seventeen kinds of ecosystem services, the ecological benefits were 155.21×10⁸ USD·a^-1, 88.9% of the total value, far higher than the economic benefits and the social benefits. According to the ecosystem services value of each region in Jilin Province, the sequence was: Baicheng>Yanbian>Songyuan>Changchun>Jilin>Tonghua>Siping>Baishan>Liaoyuan.

Nickel is one of the necessary nutrition elements for some microorganism and higher plants and plays an important role in their life. However, nickel in high dose is also a extreme toxic element to biology. A great deal of research results show that nickel pollution in soil can lead to serious impacts on microorganisms. The growth, metabolism, soil enzyme activity, communities diversity of microorganism can be affected in the soil polluted by nickel. However, using microbial resistances and endurances of some bacterial species to develop the bioremediation measures treating polluted soil will be possible. Some suggestions including the polluted soil microbiological assessment, the soil environment capacity, the microbial technology and the integrated treatment technology were proposed for the future works.

This paper inquired into the behaviors and property of ecological process of heavy metals in soil, the adsorption property of different heavy metals elements are different in the surface of soil colloid, the type of interaction are different for different heavy metals, it directly effects migration and accumulation of heavy metals in soil. The seed bourgeon,seedling growth,crop yield and heavy metals contents were influenced by contaminated soil. Meanwhile enzymology evaluation of contaminated soil by heavy metals were discussed. The property of bioremediation technology were discussed in contaminated soil by heavy metals. The developed trend of pollution ecological process for heavy metals will be discussed in the future.

Viral diseases are the most serious diseases to the aquatic animals, and they are also the most obstacles to the development of aquatic breeding. In the last years, there was a great achievement in the research of viral diseases of aquatic animals in China, but many questions are still existed. In this article, the study advances of clinic symptoms, epidemiology, detecting means, illness mechanisms, prevention and cure measures as well as the configuration, structure and physical and chemical characters of viruses in the viral diseases of fish in China. Such as Grass Carp Hemorrhagic Disease, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis, Lymphocystic Disease, Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis, Eel Virus Disease, Pagrosomus Major Baculovirus Disease are introduced. In order to affording the reference data for the prevention and cure of fish viral disease.

This paper has described the ecosystem service functions, the ecosystem has not merely offered food, medicine and other to human being and produced life raw materials, the more important function is support the life system in which the mankind depends on for existence, and afford to maintain living beings of material, purify the environment, maintain the balance and stability of atmospheric chemistry. Then, the relations between ecosystem services and sustainable development are analyzed. Sustainable development should be based on ecological environment protection, in concert with bearing capacity of the resource and environment. However the destruction of human activity to forest, wetland and other ecosystems, having already endangered the service functions of the ecosystem seriously, it is urgent to protect the ecosystem service functions; the countermeasure of protecting the ecological service functions is suggested.