Some common plants among 10 families on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau were chosen in this investigation,and the variation of their fresh as well as dry seed size were studied.The result showed that: ①The plants of gramineae and compositae are dominant species on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau and consist of 17.49% and 22.76% total speices compsosition.In addition,the average seed size range from 0.1 to 10.0mg.②The abundance of plants with small-size seed is higher than those with big seed size.③Regardless the different taxonomic levels and different life forms,the fresh seed weight indicates significant correlation with the dry seed weight.④The perennial herb is the major life form in typical plateau and conisist of 61.61% total speices composition.As far as seed weight is concerned,the arbor is the heaviest,the shrub takes second place,the herb is the lightest.⑤There is significant linear correlation between the seed size and altitude,and the correlation of seed size and life forms is higher than the seed size and taxonomic levels.
In order to select the suitable species for ecological rafts,which floating in one of estuaries of Dianchi Lake,Daqing river,a study of screening was carried out with four macrophyte species (Canna generalis Bailey,Vetivaria zizanioides,Zizania latifolia.,Typha angustata Bory et Chaub) with the adaptability test,resistance responses experiment,oxidation ability test of roots and water quality examination,by validating the variation of plant growth status and removal effect of the major pollutants (COD、TN、TP) under the wastewater pollution stress.The experiment shows that almost all index of the spare plants are different,the Canna (Canna generalis Bailey) has the best environmental adaptability in the four options,and the ability of removal of pollutants is the best.The results of this study indicated that a reasonable community structure is the dominant species of Canna (Canna generalis Bailey) with companion or other indigenous species,such as T.angustata Bory et Chaub.
On the basis of the theory of biological modularity,the correlation between environmental factors and the modular structure of Cultivation Brassica campestris in Tibet was studied through analysis of the degree of relatedness adopted in the grey system theory.The results showed that: ⑴ the numbers of plant silique,the numbers of seed of silique and the weight of 1000 seeds are the important index representing the growth and constituted of cultivation Brassica campestris in Tibet,weight is significantly increasing with the numbers of plant silique and the weight of seed.⑵ The stem system is the foundation for the whole plant.The relationship among these factors indicates the integration in the modular structure of cultivation Brassica campestris population.⑶ Generally,the related degrees between the seven environmental factors investigated and the modules of the plant are higher relation,which shows that the environmental factors strongly affect the growth and distribution of cultivation Brassica campestris population,.Meanwhile,the paper indicates the temperature and sunshine are more important compared with the other factors.The precipitation is a subordinate environment factor for Cultivation Brassica campestris population.
The effects of IAA on the growth,chlorophyll and protein content of Ulva pertusa were studied under room temperature of 22℃ and continual lighting of 40 μE·s-1·m-2.Results showed that the concentration of IAA ranged from 0.01 to 10.00 mg·L-1 had different level effects,compared with the control group.With the increasing of IAA concentration,the diameter and the chlorophyll and protein content of Ulva pertusa in experiment group also increased.It was also suggested that the optimal growth and the max value of chlorophyll and protein content of Ulva pertusa achieved when the concentration of IAA was 1.00 mg·L-1.However,the growth of Ulva pertusa was found fractional inhibited and the content of chlorophyll and protein had began to degrade,when the concentration of IAA exceeded 3.00 mg·L-1.
Phytoplankton community were studied at 5 sites in Futian Mangrove Reserves of Shenzhen from Oct.2005 to Sep.2006.The species composition,densities and distribution of phytoplankton,in seasonal and spatial scale,were studied.Main water-quality factors were preliminary examined for their relations to phytoplankton densities.As result a total of 51 taxa (including 1 variety and 9 unidentified taxa) belonging to 28 genera in 5 phyta were identified.It showed that diatoms,such as Cyclotella caspia and Thalassiosira nordenskiöldi dominated in 4 seasons in most sites.Among the others,species of Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta,such as Oscillatoria minima and Chlorella vulgaris,only dominated at a few sites.In contrast to a remarkable seasonal and spatial variation of species compositions,the phytoplankton densities changes little in season though they alternated with sites in spatial.Phytoplankton density was high reaching 106 cells·L-1 in 4 seasons.Water qualities changed with seasons in 5 sites due to the influence of domestic and industrial wastewater.The sites contaminated by the sewage are in sequence of Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅴ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ,the pollution made water quality quite different with that of seawater in the open sea.Correlations of phytoplankton density with total nitrogen and salinity were found.It showed that the phytoplankton density changed positively with salinity but negatively with the total nitrogen.
Several indicators impacting the landscape of road plants were selected to make an evaluation of road plants landscape using descriptive inventories method.These indicators were quantified through landscape general indexes evaluation model for analyzing the landscape of Zhaoqing city road plants.The result showed that total constructive level of Zhaoqing city road plants landscape was better And 55% road landscape plants of investigated roads are up to Ⅱ level only 5% lower than Ⅳ level.The highest index was viewing schedule,and was followed by viewing characteristics among 8 evaluated factors,and it was largely related to the tree species selection.The species diversity is the lowest index,and it was related to the highly manual work of Zhaoqing city road plants landscape.Aiming at the evaluation we suggest that plant landscape should increase plant diversity according to local conditions and establish systematic management mechanism of greenland to reflect its value from the view of ecology sustainable development.
A quantitative economic evaluation method for ecological benefit of garden afforestation was established by incorporating the model of leaf-area about thirty-seven species plant,the physiological characteristic measure of plant including net photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate,dust retention,and the research on economic evaluation index system and relevant method.This quantitative economic evaluation method for ecological benefit includes absorbing Carbon Dioxide,releasing Oxygen,increasing humid and fall temperature,dust retention of plant at eight district in Beijing.Also,in order to enhance manipulate efficiency and simply professional operation procedure,regarded Access database as parameter source,the system about evaluation on ecological benefit of garden afforestation and relative economy evaluation were developed by applying Visual Basic software.
Primary studies on structure of fishery community and species diversity in Changshu section of the Yangtze River were carried out during 2000-2006.Fishes,shrimps and crabs covered 13 orders,29 families and 66 species were collected in this area.Number of species belonging to Cypriniformes was the most and the second was fishes belonging to Perciformes.There were four ecological types,which were semi-migrated fishes between the Yangtze River and lakes,migrated fishes between the Yangtze River and the sea,estuarine fishes and resident fishes.Economical fishes were more than others.Dominant species were Parabramis pekinensis,Carassius auratus auratus,Coilia macrognathos,Coreius heterodon,Cu1ter ilishaeformis and Hemiculter leucisculus.The diversity indexes from 2000 to 2006 were analysed that Margalef's index was 1.68,Wilhm's index 2.50,McNaughton's index 0.37 and Pielou's index 0.76.Value of McNaughton's index was a little lower than oher fishery community,while values of Margalef's index,Pielou's index and Wilhm's index were higher.Unfavorable influence of irrigation works,water pollution and water resources adjusting on the fishery resources in Changshu section was discussed。 Advices how to develop and protect fishery resources in the area were given.
In this experiment,the method of biofilm colonization on sand filtration(M01 and M02)sewage treatment was studied.It is showed the regular change of biofilm development under different conditions,the increment of bacteria number,the success of micro-animal kinds and population etc in the process.The rate of removal of CODcr、NH3-N is observed.The experimental result shows biofilms can be cultivated on the surface of the biological sand filtration,and bacteria played a key role in this process.Epistylis,Vorticella,Zoothamnium,Rataria,Nemato and other microorgnisms can also be found in the system.The degradation of COD and NH3-N on M01 can reach 90% and 70% respectively,The degradation of COD and NH3-N on M02 can reach 60% and 20% respectively.
The river ecological flow has been one of the research foci of geographical sciences in the world.Based on the field investigation,we selected the habitat simulation method which comprises the information of hydrology and biology according to the unique feature ecological environment of Yalong mainstream and the goal of protection.This can protect the habitat of aquatic living things and maintain the good ecological function of water exporting river.The result showed that the simulated ecological flow in river course of various stations during different year was near or between minimum and suitable ecological flow calculated by Tennate method.While the standard of Tennant method is based on the local living habits and climate feature,which fits the local river ecology and environmental condition.So the results calculated by habitat simulation method are feasible in calculating river ecological flow.
Ecological Footprint Method (EFM) is an effective way to quantitatively analyze the sustainability of certain areas.Combining the traditional EFM with the newest dynamic analysis method,this paper calculates the ecological footprint of the North Gulf in Guangxi Province.Our study indicates that the dynamic EFM,composed of ecological footprint diversity index and development capacity index of economic system,provides more remarkable results than the traditional EFM in sustainability analysis.During the period between 1998 and 2005,the land productivity has been improving continuously,and the ability of economy development has been strengthening gradually.However,per-capita ecological footprint increases year by year,and the ecological footprint deficit appears.In conclusion,the development of the North Gulf of Guangxi province is not sustainable,with only woodland and architectural land remains a little surplus.
In this paper,the classification process of land use in Guangzhou was described by using Landsat TM data between 1997 and 2003.After being geometrically corrected,subseted and enhanced,the images were classified into 9 classes as farmland,orchard,forest,disk-pond,urban and rural land,developing area,river,lake and unused land by using maximum likelihood classifier.The total classification accuracy was also reported in this paper.A mathematic method was used to analyze the change of land use by the conversion matrix of land use from 1997 to 2003,including the change-amount,the change-rate,the change-transition and the regional difference.Two important results were obtained by this research: (1) There was no significant change on land use of Guangzhou during 1997~2003;(2) a distinct difference was found on spatial distributing of land use of Guangzhou from 1997 to 2003.
Energy Analysis Methods provide new means to evaluate urban ecosystems.Various urban ecological flows were calculated and classified for city of Fuzhou and Xiamen to establish the corresponding urban ecosystem sustainable energy evaluation indicators.Fuzhou was compared with Xiamen on the nature -economy -society complex ecosystem for comprehensive evaluation and comparative analysis.The results showed that the level of economic development and social welfare per capita in Xiamen were higher than Fuzhou,Xiamen were behind Fuzhou in the field of Ecological Safety and sustainable development capability.Therefore,Fuzhou urban infrastructure construction should be improved,energy feedback support to suburban area should be improved.Governments should pay more attention to guide population transfer;Xiamen should actively develop the green industry,reduce industrial energy consumption,reduce waste emissions and raise the level of waste reuse;Through the strengthening of resources complementarity and eliminating of technical barriers between the two cities,to promote them complement each other,mutual benefit and sustainable development.
The water quality of surface water in Huadu District of Guangzhou has been assessed comprehensively based on the environmental investigation and monitoring in order to provide the scientific basis for the pollution treatment in the Huadu District.This paper discussed the choice of the evaluated factors,the operations of the weight value,and compares with the status of the water quality in the course of the evaluation.The conclusions indicated that the result of the fuzzy mathematics evaluation represented the water quality of surface water in Huadu District.The water quality of the Huadu District is above satisfactory level,as it exceeded the water quality of class Ⅲ.But the emission of the industry plants has a detrimental effect on the surface water.There is oil and organic pollution near to the Tianma River,the water quality belonged to class Ⅴ.
Environmental hormones (ERs) include a wide variety of chemicals to act as endocrine disruptors in a diverse range of organisms.ERs have become ubiquitous in the environment,and these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) not only have harmful effects on the reproduce ability,but also affect a wide range of behaviors and cognitive abilities.This review summarizes the recent reports in ERs,and analyzes the harmful effects of ERs on human health.The possible action mechanisms of ERs are also described.Furthermore,control and management of ERs pollution are discussed in this paper.
