Taking the delta of Yangtze River as an example,this paper studies the spatio-temporal correlation between urbanization and vegetation vigor using time series NDVI images derived from SPOT/Vegetation and statistical materials.Firstly,there are significantly negative correlation coefficients between vegetation vigor and population and GDP respectively,which almost dominate the urbanization level.Spatial correlation field between vegetation vigor with population and GDP respectively displays the correlation coefficients is stronger,where the population density or GDP is higher.And the correlation coefficients range from -1.0 to 0.5.Then,the method of panel data is employed to analyze the correlation and it's evolution between average vegetation activity and urbanization ratio at the grain level of prefectural-city.Result shows that the correlation coefficient is always negative,and the correlation is becoming stronger from 1998 to 2005,and these correlations can be estimated by linear functions.The negative correlation implies that there is not a win-win relationship between socioeconomic development and ecological environment on regional scale.At last three approaches are analyzed by which urbanization impacts vegetation vigor.
In the present study,Phaeodactylum tricornutum was grown in laboratory under darkness condition for 12 days in order to investigate its growth and some chemical compositions in response to the darkness environment and to evaluate the adaptation of this economic microalga to darkness stress.The results indicated that Phaeodactylum tricornutum could still survive in the darkness condition,while darkness stress imposed significantly inhibitory influence on the growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum during the course of the experiment.Algal cell density and biomass in the darkness treatment were reduced to 2.93×105 cells·ml-1 and 0.011 g·ml-1 on the day of termination of the experiment,only 8.0% and 37.3% of the control.Moreover,some chemical compositions including chlorophyll a,soluble sugar and protein were also apparently limited in the darkness condition,the contents of which were approximately 89%,87% and 85% lower than those in the control on the 12th day.Our results have provided supportive evidence that Phaeodactylum tricornutum tended to exhibit the capacity of sustaining in the darkness stress,which might be due to its pronounced ability in the biosynthesis and metabolism of protein,soluble sugar and chlorophylla,but its growth performance was remarkably restricted over time.The findings presented here suggested that the adaptive ability of Phaeodactylum tricornutum to darkness stress should be considered into the core collection and screening,as well as comprehensive exploiture of microalgal resources.
In the autumn of 2006,a total of forty-two soil samples were collected from fourteen sampling sites,which belong to five different greenbelt types in Shanghai.They were grassland(A) in No.1 Estate of East China Normal University;woods(B,C),shrubbery(D) and grassland(E)in Shanghai Arboretum;woods(F,G),shrubbery(H) and grassland(I)in East China Normal University;woods(J)and grassland(K) in Pudong roadside greenbelt;woods(L,M) and grassland(N)in Laogang Landfill.The results revealed that soils of all the greenbelt types in Shanghai were disturbed intensively by human beings and generally polluted by heavy metals: the mean concentrations of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd of the soil of all kinds of greenbelts were 39.84±17.37 mg·kg-1,157.05±81.91 mg·kg-1,41.33±23.14 mg·kg-1,0.3425±0.1420 mg·kg-1,respectively,with the composite pollution indexes of residential area,park,campus,roadside greenbelt and deserted land being 2.4,2.8,2.6,1.9 and 1.5,respectively.On the other hand,it also could be concluded that the way of pollution was variable in different greenbelt types: the main factor for heavy metal pollution of campus soil was vehicle,while the combination of both traffic and soil itself played a key role in the case of roadside greenbelt.On the contrary,the heavy metal pollution of deserted land,park and residential area was mainly caused by solid castoff,agricultural activities and the combination of different kinds of human beings daily behaviors.
Little is known about the exact amount of phosphorus(P) loss per year from the paddy soils in Taihu Lake region and the contribution of this P loss to the eutrophication of Taihu Lake among all kinds of non-point sources.A field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of P concentrations in runoff and the reasons responsible for these changes on two types of paddy soils,the permeable paddy soil in Anzhen site and the waterlogged paddy soil in Changshu site in the Taihu Lake Region from June 2000 to June 2002.The results showed that particulate P was the dominant portion in runoff and P fertilization had a significantly effect on the P concentrations in runoff.Phosphorus concentration in runoff for each treatment seemed to decrease from the first runoff event to the last event both in rice growing seasons and wheat growing season.Beside,the greatest potential risk of P loss by runoff might occur in one month in rice growing season and one or two months in wheat growing season after P fertilization.P concentrations in runoff from the waterlogged paddy soil were greater than those from the permeable paddy soil if the runoff events occurred at the same period.It was also observed that the paddy soil type had an obvious effect on the number of runoff event.
Heat shock protein Hsp70 gene of Scylla serrata was cloned by RACE and RT-PCR.The full length cDNA of hsp70 obtained 2482 b,containing an ORF of 1950 bp,encoding 649 amino acid residues with estimated molecular weight of 71.06 kD and theoretical isoelectric point of 5.24,a 3'UTR of 158 bp,a 5'UTR of 40 bp.By the analyse of antheprot,two signature sequences of HSP70 family: IFDLGGGTFDVSIL,IVLVGGSTRIPKIQK,Dnak sequence: DLGTT-S-V,the non-organellar motif: RARFEEL,bipartite nuclear localization signal: KKDPSESKRALRRL,and C-terminal four amino acids of Hsp70: EEVD were detected in the predicted amino acid sequence.Through blast analysis,the ORF of the Hsp70 gene sequence of Scylla serrata has 84.02% identity with the Hsp70 cDNA sequence of Litopenaeus vannamei,and 83.87% identity with Penaeus monodon,and 79.60% identity with Macrobrachium rosenbergii.Under the alignment of Hsp70 amino acids deduced from DNA sequences,there is 92.17% identity between Scylla serrata and Penaeus monodon,and 92.64% identity between Scylla serrata and Macrobrachium rosenbergii,and 96.47% identity between Scylla serrata and Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
In this paper,the community structure and physical and chemical properties of soil are surveyed and analyzed for their ecological effects in three mixed artificial mangroves planted in 2001 in Nansha district Guangzhou.The results show that: Rhizophora stylosa is a shade-intolerant species and its allelopathic effects may exist in site 3,so the forest can't change into multistratal forest.Sonneratia apetala+Kandelia candel community and Sonneratia apetala+Bruguiera gymnorrhiza community are superior to the Sonneratia apetala+Rhizophora stylosa community for the former's community structure and effect of absorbing heavy metal are better than the latter's.Therefore,mangrove Sonneratia apetala mixed with Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza can be adopted in the site of this experiment,while the scheme of Sonneratia apetala mixed with Rhizophora stylosa is not advocated.With the succession,the plots will be close to natural mangrove ecosystems in the absence of major disruptions.
Qizimeishan National Nature Preserve is located in the east of Xuan'en county,Hubei province and it is rich in biodiversity.After investigation,119 species(including varieties) belonging to 58 genera of Compositae were observed in this area.They possessed 12 areal-types among the total 15 in China.At the level of genera most of Compositae in Qizimeishan National Nature Preserve were originated from the temperate regions.The temperate genera were 73.59%(39 genera),while the tropical genera were only 20.75%(11 genera),and there were 3 endemic genera.Many species appeared to be resources plants.According to their utilization,they could be divided into wild vegetable,medicinal plants,wild flower plants and aromatic plants.These resources plants have great potential value of exploitation and utilization.
Jinfo Mountain in Nanchuan,Chongqing is the refuge of the fourth ice age with deep valley and mountain.It is a gene bank to preserve plant and animal genetic resources and rich in wild resources of fungi.Based on the examination of the wild fungi resources in and near the Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve,it shows that there are 584 species of wild fungi belonging to 185 genus,61 families and 2 subphylum according to the Ainsworth(1973) and C.J.Alexpoulos(2002) taxonomic systems.There are 214 timber rotting species,286 ectomycorrhizal fungi species,19 entomopathogenic fungi species and 15 other species,and among them there are 281 edible species,100 poisonous species,253 pharmaceutical species and 20 endangered species.Some areas in Jinfo Mountain are intensively disturbed by human activities.According to the characteristics of wild resources here,the paper proposed the effective conservation and sustainable utilization measures in order to prevent destroying of the nature resources and the eco-environment.
A simulated mangrove Sonneratia apetala wetland was set up in a greenhouse.Through wastewater irrigating test,the purifying effects of simulated wetland system were studied.The synthetic wastewater SW had the characteristics and strength similar to normal domestic wastewater,while FW and TW had the nutrients and heavy metals as five and ten times as those in SW,respectively.Wastewater was irrigated quantitatively and regularly for 4 months.The average purifying rates of Sonneratia apetala simulated wetland system on the nutrients and heavy metals in synthetic wastewater were: N 84.6%,P 91.2%,Cd 91.2%,Pb 94.8%,Zn 84.9% and Cu 87.1%,in which the purifying rates of soil subsystem were: N 54.5%,P 76.5%,Cd 99.3%,Ni 99.2%,Pb 99.6%,Zn 99.3% and Cu 99.2%.These indicated that the soil subsystem played an important role on purification and that plants could avoid the damage of pollutants.But the purifying efficiency of soil subsystem on nutrients where plant had been grown was lower than that without plant growth because of the adsorption of N and P by S.apetala.
In this article,the Cd and Pb contents of soil were determined and their contaminations were studied in several miners tailings of Guangxi Debao.The results showed that the Cd and Pb contents in soil had all surpassed the background value of soil environment quality standard of Guangxi in concentration(Cd 0.08 mg·kg-1 and Pb 20 mg·kg-1).Moreover,the Cd content was obvious exceeding.Pb had no pollution according to the soil environment quality standard of China,but it had already achieved mild pollution according to the standard of GuangXi.The Cd content of soil in copper mine tailing arrived to 2.16 mg·kg-1 and exceeded the tertius standard of our country and it had begun to affect the environment.The Pb content in lower reaches soil of the sulphurous iron ore tailing was 83.53 mg·kg-1 and had no impact on the environment.The Cd content in soil increased significantly with pH increasing,while Pb content was decreased with pH increasing.The Cd content in soil arrived to serious pollution level as far as the environmental quality standards and individual pollution index were concerned.It should mitigate the harm to the ecological environment.There fore the correlated departments should emphasize the soil contamination by Cd and Pb in miners tailings,and adopt promptly some measures to control the pollution source and reduce the pollution degree.
Mangroves,the characteristic littoral wetland plant formations of tropical and subtropical sheltered coastlines,have the purification effects on water column.Research on the purification effects of mangroves has developed rapidly in recent years,including enhancing the deposition of suspended solids,degrading organics by its abundant benthos,enriching heavy metals and absorbing nutrients by their plants and sediment.But overload effluent of sewage will induce obvious or potential ecological hazards due to the limit of purifying capacity.A conclusion has been drawn that the mangrove forests are not suitable to be utilized as sewage treatment pool unless sufficient observation and some other measurements are adopted.The development trends of this field include some aspects such as the interactions among factors in transferring and transforming process of pollutants,improving ability of mangrove to the environment and quantity analysis and.monitoring to ecological hazards in the application of this purification technique.
The progress of bacterial production(BP) and biomass was reviewed.Bacterial production plays an important role in the energy transfer of marine ecosystem.Most research program has focused on the East China Sea and Yellow Sea except the South China Sea,which is also the one of the largest seas in China.Modulation on marine bacterial production was analysed and temperature,DOM,nutrients and grazing pressure may have some impacts on it.Assimilation mechanism of DOM differs from the species of bacteria.Metabolism of bacteria is regulated by temperature,hence it influences the BP directly.Grazing pressure from micro-zooplankton also influences the BP,which plays a significant role in the material recycle in marine ecosystem.Different factors in the marine environment may have different effects on the BP.
