The bio-resource in national reserve of Chebaling was reported.There are 1928 species of plants and 1558 species of animals.The primary factors of affecting biodiversity protection were also analyzed.The biggest threat for biodiversity in protection area was random chopping and excessive catching as well as random digging and excessive picking by local residents.The strategies on biodiversity protection were discussed.At the same time of natural resource protection, eco-villages were firstly set up in the national reserve area, the local residents were installed suitably, the approaches of sustaining development and assorting with the local economy was developed.In this way, the natural resources were protected, the nice social and economic benefit were obtained.There are important effects for the cause of natural resource protection in China from the protection countermeasure of bio-resource and the experience of management in National Reserve of Chebaling.