Environmental bacteria investigations were conducted in Litopenaeus vannamei low salinity intensive stocking ponds in the area of Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province.The results showed that the mean of heterotrophic bacteria were 5.15×10⁴cfu·mL^-1 and pathogenic Vibrio were 5.00×10³cfu·mL^-1 in water column, but it were 2.41×10⁶cfu·mL^-1 and 1.45×10⁵cfu·mL^-1 in the ponds sediment, respectively.There was a less difference to heterotrophic bacteria whereas larger to pathogenic Vibrio in water and sediment in different ponds.In old shrimp ponds with a depth of sediment, the evenness of heterotrophic bacteria were 6.10×10⁴cfu·mL^-1 in water and 2.89×10⁶cfu·mL^-1 in sediment, and pathogenic Vibrio were 6.00×10³cfu·mL^-1 and 2.14×10⁵cfu·mL^-1, respectively.But in ponds of bottom renovated with little sediment, heterotrophic bacteria average were 4.53×10⁴cfu·mL^-1 in water and 2.08×10⁶cfu·mL^-1 in sediment, 4.34×10³cfu·mL^-1 of pathogenic Vibrio in water and 9.86×10⁴cfu·mL^-1 in sediment.The pathogenic Vibrio were higher obviously in sediment of old shrimp ponds, it would be the cause of diseases outbreak in old ones.Heterotrophic bacteria and pathogenic Vibrio was higher in early period of stocking, lower and stable in middle and final term in water column, but a fluctuation was found to them in the sediment throughout the low salinity stocking.High water temperature indicated an inhibiting to heterotrophic bacteria and pathogenic Vibrio in low salinity stocking ponds, moreover, the environmental bacteria were also impacted by phytoplankton.