Remote sensing has become one of the most important tools to detect and monitor harmful algal blooms(HABs) events in coastal waters.This paper reviews the recent progress on satellite remote sensing techniques for HAB detection and monitoring,especially the hyperspectral remote sensing.Because the signals detected by the satellite sensors can be significantly affected by atmospheric attenuation or clouds,the atmospheric correction is necessary.In atmospheric correction process,the water-leaving irradiance(Lw) was derived and atmosphere and ocean surface effects were removed.At the same time,the oceanographic studies of HAB were conducted.The authors suggest that the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) data provide an unprecedented tool for researchers and managers to study and monitor HAB in coastal environments.Finally,three key points for developing the application are proposed,(1) assimilating multi-sources remote sensing data,including microwave data and multi-temporal optical data,(2) combining Geographic Information System techniques to HAB monitoring,and(3) enhancing the research for HAB early warning.
[1] 徐宁,段舜山,李爱芬,等.2005.沿岸海域富营养化与赤潮发生的关系[J].生态学报,13(7):1782-1787.
[2] Anderson D M.Garrison D L.1997.The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms[J].Limnol.Oceanogr,42:1009-1305.
[3] Tang D L,Kester D R,Ni I H,et al,2003.In situ and satellite observations of a harmful algal bloom and water condition at the Pearl River estuary in late autumn 1998[J].Harmful Algae,2:89-99.
[4] 崔廷伟,张杰,马毅,等.2006.赤潮光谱特征及其形成机制[J].光谱学与光谱分析,26(5):884-886.
[5] 潘德炉,王迪峰.2004.我国海洋光学遥感应川科学研究的新进展[J].地球科学进展,19(4):506-512.
[6] 苏纪兰.2001.中国的赤潮研究[J].中国科学院院刊,5:339-342.
[7] 周良明,刘玉光,郭佩芳.2004.关于赤潮水色研究的探讨[J].海洋湖沼通报,(04):61-67.
[8] Wei G F,Tang D L and Wang S F.2008.Distribution of chlorophyll and harmful algal blooms(HABs):A review on space based studies in the coastal environments of Chinese marginal seas[J].Advances in Space Research,41(1):12-19.
[9] 楼绣林,黄韦艮.2003.基于人工神经网络的赤潮卫星遥感方法研究[J].遥感学报,7(2):125-130.
[10] Swong A E.1974.Remote Sensing of Algal Blooms by Aircraft and Satellite in Lake Erie and Lake Utah[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,3:99-107.
[11] Stumpf R P,Tyler M A,1988.Satellite detection of bloom and pigment distributions in estusries[J].Remote Sens.Environ.24:385-404.
[12] 黄韦艮,毛显谋.2000.赤潮光谱特性研究[A].赵冬至.渤海赤潮灾害监测与评估研究文集[C].北京:海洋出版社.117-120.
[13] Gower J F R.1994.Red tide monitoring using AVHRR HRPT imagery from a local receiver[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,48:309-318.
[14] 黄韦艮,毛显谋,张鸿翔,等.1998.赤潮卫星遥感监测与实时预报[J].海洋预报,15(3):110-115.
[15] 李继龙,唐援军,郑嘉淦,等.2007.利用MODIS遥感数据探测长江口及邻近海域赤潮初步研究[J].海洋渔业,29(1):25-30.
[16] 赵冬至.2003.AVHRR遥感数据在海表赤潮细胞数探测中的应用[J].海洋环境科学,22(1):10-14.
[17] Morel A,Prieur L.1977.Analysis of variations in ocean color[J].Limnol Oceanogr,22:709-722
[18] 邢小罡,赵冬至,刘玉光,等.2007.叶绿素a荧光遥感研究进展[J].遥感学报,11(1):137-144.
[19] Stumpf R P,Culver M E,Tester P A,et al,2003.Monitoring Karenia brevis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico using satellite ocean color imagery and other data[J].Harmful Algae 2:147-160.
[20] Ishizaka J,Kitaura Y,Touke Y,et al,2006.Satellite Detection of Red Tide in Ariake Sound,1998-2001[J].Journal of Oceanography,62:37-45.
[21] Tomliuson M C,Stumpf R P,Ransibrahmanakul V,et al.2004.Evaluation of the use of SeaWiFS imagery for detecting Karenia brevis harmful algal blooms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,91:293-303.
[22] 赵冬至,丛丕福.2000.渤海叉角藻赤潮的光谱特征研究[A].渤海赤潮灾害监测与评估研究文集[C].北京:海洋出版社.109-116.
[23] Gitelson A A.1993.Algorithms for Remote Sensing of Phytoplankton Pigments in Inland Waters[J].Adv.Space Res.13:197-201.
[24] Hu C M,Muller-Karger F E,Taylor C,et al.2005.Red tide detection and tracing using MODIS fluorescence data:A regional example in SW Florida coastal waters[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,97:311-321.
[25] 王其茂,马超飞,唐军武,等.2006.EOS/MODIS遥感资料探测海洋赤潮信息方法[J].遥感技术与应用,21(1):6-10.
[26] Gao B C,Montes M,Ahmad Z,et al.2000.Atmospheric correction algorithm for hyper-spectral remote sensing of ocean color from space[J].Applied Optics 39:887-896.
[27] Morel A,Maritorena S.2001.Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters:A reappraisal[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,106:7163-7180.
[28] Gordon H.1978.Removal of atmospheric effects from satellite imagery of the oceans[J].Applied Optics,17:1631-1636.
[29] Melin F,Zibordi G,Berthon J F.2007.Assessment of satellite ocean color products at a coastal site[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,110:192-215.
[30] Shi W,Wang M H.2007.Detection of turbid waters and absorbing aerosols for the MODIS ocean color data processing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,110:149-161.
[31] Pan D L,Mao Z H.2001.Atmospheric correction for China's coastal water color remote sensing[J].Acta Ocanogologica Sinica,20(3):343-354.
[32] Frouin R,Pelletier B.2007.Fields of non-linear regression models for atmospheric correction of satellite ocean-color imagery[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,111:450-465.
[33] Tang D L,Kawamura H,Doan-Nhu H,et al.2004.Remote sensing oceanography of a harmful algal bloom off the coast of southeastem Vietnam[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,109,C03014,doi:10.1029/2003JC002045.
[34] Tang D L,Kawamura H,et al.2006.Satellite evidence of harmful algal blooms and related oceanographic features in the Bohai Sea during autumn 1998[J].Advances in Space Research 37(41:681-689.
