Researches have shown there is a close relationship between soil fauna and soil environment, the structure, the function,and the positive irreplaceable function in the course of the soil ecosystem, it plays the critical role in natural processes of soil ecosystem, Soil fauna community becomes one of the focuses in ecology and soil studies. In this paper, the research progress of fauna composition was introduced in China, and the latest researches of soil fauna community in forest and agriculture ecosystem are presented from structure, function and succession at home and abroad, including the assessment of soul environment, the decomposition of organic matter, the indication of soil health, the relation with soil contaminated and soil nutrition. At last, the prospect aspects for future study were analyzed from the change of global environment, the course of soil ecosystem, and the diversity of soil biology.
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