Using the data of chur mackerel fishery(January 1998 to December 2006) provide by Squid Fishery Working Group of Distant Waters Fishery Association of China and the data of monthly average sea surface temperature(SST) and monthly average sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) obtained from Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center,National Aeronautics and Space Administration,the present study analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of chur mackerel resource in the East China Sea based on standardized CPUE(Catch Per Unit Effort) of chur mackerel fishery with GLM(General Linear Model).The results show that 1) The main effects(year,month,latitude,fishery fleet and SST) and the interaction effects(year to latitude and year to fishing fleet) have impacts on CPUE of chur mackerel in the East China Sea.2) Annual variation of chur mackerel abundance has a significant correlation to SST.3) The abundance of chur mackerel resource is increasing to the highest level from the summer to the autumn and the distribution of chur mackerel fishery is extend to wider range,the abundance of chur mackerel resource is higher in the northwestern East China Sea.The distribution range of chur mackerel resource is rebound to only the central part of East China Sea,however the abundance is the highest in four seasons.

We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) fingerprints to examine genetic diversity and spatial distribution of actinobacterial community composition(ACC) in surface sediments of East Taihu Lake.It was shown that there was a high degree of genetic diversity,and an average of 21.5±2 bands was identified from the DGGE profiles.However,the community diversity(i.e., Shannon-Wiener index) did not show an apparent pattern among all sampling sites.And the cluster analysis indicated that the spatial variations of ACC were related to the location of sampling sites.That is,the larger distance of the sampling sites,the more dissimilarity of the ACC.This may be caused by the similar physicochemical factors between pairwise sites.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) was carried out to examine the relationship between environmental variables and ACC,and sediment pH was identified as the key factor in regulating the variations of ACC.

According to the ecological and biological characteristics of vine species and its utilization in urban landscape greening,we developed a multi-factor appraisal system that consists of 16 appraisal indices,for evaluating the exploitation and utilization value of vine species,based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).A total of 81 ornamental vine species that were introduced and cultivating in South China Botanical Garden,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,were evaluated for their exploitation and utilization value,using this appraisal model.The results showed that some vine species has very high exploitation and utilization value,such as Bauhinia corymbosa,Heteropterys acutifolia,Cissus sicyoide,Piper hancei,Parthenocissus heterophylla,etc.;some others has high exploitation and utilization value,such as Philodendron oxycardium,Parthenocissus austro-orientalis,Cissus rhombifolia,Bauhinia glauca,etc.and some others has very low exploitation and utilization value,such as Piper sarmentosum Cocculus laurifolius etc.This method system and the results in this study were proved to be satisfied in accuracy and very useful for exploiting and utilizing the ornamental vine resources.

This paper made an account on the morphology,biology and large-scale breeding of Danaus chtysippus chrysippus(Linnaeus) at adult and larvae stages.Danaus chrysippus chrysippus(Linnaeus) occurs all over the year in Hainan Jingfengling region with overlapping generations about 15.They require 29~37 days to complete a generation in winter and 14～18 days in summer.The adults are highly stress resistance under natural enemy and bad environments,especially high temperature.Asclepias curassavica L.and Calotropis gigantean(L.) are their host plants.For their colorful and graceful outside,they can be set flying in butterfly gardens and in celebrated occasions.Good ecological environment is the key to success of large～scale breeding,and the rearing of larvae is the important part of large-scale breeding.The females lay their eggs separately.Larvae have 5 instars,and the newly hatched larvae should be fed outdoor in net bag,while the late fifth instars should be fed indoor in plastic basins,and they will pupation under the covers of plastic basin.The covers should be hung in the emergence room with temperature controlled at 25～28℃and humidity at 60～80%by air-conditioner and spray device,so that the pupas can grow and eclosion normally.

Seed emergence and growth of Hedysarum scoparium under an constant temperature regime(20±1℃;light/dark,12/12h) following sand burial 0,1,2,3,4 and 5cm was studied.The results showed that the seedlings emergence,days to first emergence, numbers of leaf,heights of seedling,length of root and biomass allocation of studied species were significantly affected by depths of sand burial(P<0.001).The highest percentage of seedling emergence(95.6%) occurred in sand burial for 2cm,and the lowest(43.4%) occurs for 5cm;the maximum height of seedlings(11.6cm),absolute height of seedlings(13.9cm) and the maximum ground biomass (26.7mg) occurred in the sand burial for 2cm;and the shortest seedlings(3.3cm),the shortest root(4.3cm),and minimum ground biomass(5.3mg) occurred for 5cm;The experiment indicates that the sand burial depth for 2cm is the optimum for seedling emergence and growth in H.scoparium.

Low temperature is a major limiting factor for bemudagrass(Cynodon dactylon) growth during winter.The objective of this study was to explore the turf quality and physiological response to cold in natural bermudagrass from Different Provenances.The results showed that bermudagrass from high latitudes exhibited the best cold tolerance compared to other bermudagrasses.There was a significant correlation of the cold resistances,content of soluble sugar and soluble protein,and activity of CAT and POD vs.latitude.The latitude was not significantly related to turf quality,SOD activity,content of MDA,Chl-a,Chl-b,Chl-t.

Effects of silicon on growth of cucumber seedlings under low temperature stress were studied through sand culture experiment. The results showed that,compared to the cucumber seedlings grown without silicon addition under low temperature stress,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) in leaves and roots were significantly increased by silicon treatment.However,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the producing rate of superoxide radical(O₂^-) in silicon-treated seedlings were markedly decreased as compared to the control.The relative plasma membrane permeability reduced in silicon-treated seedlings.The content of protein,chlorophyll,chlorophyll a/b ratio and fresh weight of maize seedlings were also increased by silicon addition under low temperature stress.Thus,the damage by low temperature stress on cucumber seedlings could be alleviated by silicon addition.

Based on the plot investigations of semi-constructed wetland plant communities,biomasses of main plant communities were evaluated for Wangqingsha semi-constructed wetland of Nansha District,Guangzhou City.Also the structures of plant communities were compared.The results showed:1) the total biomass of various plant community types was in the following decreasing order:hygrophyte community>herb community>arbor community;2) Single & dominant plant species did little contribution to integration structure and vertical structure.It is of benefit to promote integration stability and health evolution for the ecosystems of regional semi-constructed wetlands by improving their species diversity.

To explore the effects of cytokinin on the growth and negative phototropism of Chlorophytum comosum var.variegata root, some healthy plants of Chlorophytum comosum var.variegata were selected and cultivated in different concentration of 6-BA solution with unilateral light illuminated,and the growth rate and the negative inclination of the root of chlorophytum comosum were measured. The results showed that:(1) 6-BA inhibited the growth of both the adventitious root and the branch root growing out from the adventitious root,decreased the bend angle of the negative phototropism of all of the elongated root,the inhibited degree was intensified with the increase of 6-BA concentration.(2)The adventitious root ceased to elongation when treated for 7 days with 10mg·L^-1 6-BA or for 5 days with 100mg·L^-1 6-BA;(3) All the branch root growing out from the adventitious root could not extend but form much little bump from the surface of the adventitious root when treated with 10-100 mg·L^-1 6-BA,the amount of the bump from the surface of the adventitious root were increased with the rise the concentration of 6-BA;(4) The negative phototropism of control was remarkable and inclination angle was near 90°,but inclination angle decreased to about 15°when treated with100mg·L^-1 6-BA.The possible mechanism was discussed in this study.

Four species of plants,including Alocasia macrorrhiza,Syngonium podophyllum,Hymenocallis speciosa and Mariscus compactus,showing the ability in degradation of organic carbon,removal nitrogen and phosphorus,and accumulation heavy metals were selected and cultivated.Batch tests were carried out to study the removal potential of organic pollutants and heavy metals by these plants.The results indicated that they could improve the removal effeciency.After treating 10 liters of solutions by 55 to 60 grams of plants for 14 days,the removal effeciency exceeded 80%,72%,64%,53%,75%and 68%when the initial concentrations of BOD₅,COD_Cr,TP,TN,Cu²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ were 140 mg·L^-1,280 mg·L^-1,6.8 mg·L^-1,40 mg·L^-1,10 mg·L^-1 and 10 mg·L^-1,respectively.In comparison with the control experiments,the removals of these indexes were increased by above 32%,27%,27%,28%,37%and 19%,respectively.The pH and DO of effluent could be maintained at 6.63 to 7.63,and 3.02 mg·L^-1 to 3.84 mg·L^-1.

During the railways construction,such activities as subgrade building or tunnel excavating will induce soil and water loss, which has negative impact on eco-environment of the regions along the railway.The impact of soil and water loss for double-line-constructions of five railways in southeast coast of China was quantitatively analyzed and evaluated using the SWII method. The results showed that all the occupation land,impact area,and soil and water loss per kilometer for Fuzhou-Xiamen railway construction were the greatest in the five railways;the construction period of Wenzhou-Fuzhou railway was the longest and its proportion of uncontrolled area of soil and water loss per kilometer was the highest.The earthwork volume and wasted excavation per kilometer of Longyan-Xiamen railway were the greatest.The values for impact indices of soil erosion and water loss of Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou railway,Wenzhou-Fuzhou railway,Fuzhou-Xiamen railway,Xiamen-Shenzhen railway and Longyan-Xiamen railway were 0.64,0.247, 0.375,0.265 and 0.64,respectively.The averaged value for these five railways was 0.278.

By use of the GIS and RS technologies,selecting the Urban Ministry of suburb in Xi'an city as research area,and adopting the integrations of RS images indoor interpretation and outdoor investigation and indoor computer aided cartography,this paper built the spatial database of urban biotopes in research area based on GIS according to the classification system of urban biotopes.On the basis of this database,the paper carried out the research on the spatial pattern of urban biotopes,by calculating the below-mentioned five indexes of urban biotopes:average areas,shape index,fractal dimension,stability index,Moran I index.The results indicate that the quantities of main types blocks is in direct proportion to the total areas of them according to urban biotopes,both shape index and fractal dimension are provided with positive correlativity,so do both stability index and Moran I index.

Based on the concept planning of the city(2006～2020) issued by Qingdao Urban Planning Bureau in 2008,the variations of urban atmospheric temperature,wind speed around the Jiaozhou Bay are simulated under the different conditions of ecological wetland area and wetland types by using a urban atmospheric boundary layer model.The numerical analysis shows that the setting of urban water wetland is helpful to reduce the temperature and then mitigate the strength of urban heat island;the increasing wind speed is contributed to improve the capacity of regional atmospheric diffusion and the concentration of pollutants shows a reducing tendency.On the other hand,the decreasing of the ecological wetland will result in increasing temperature,decreasing wind speed around the local area.The effected region on the temperature and wind speed is concentrated around the area where the wetland is being changed. Comparing with the function of water wetland,the influence of swamp on urban climate and environment is weaker.The study provided considered aspects for future development of Jiaozhou Bay area.

The concentrations of nitrate in standard water samples and natural water samples with different frozen time were measured by continuous flow analyzer.Results showed that the nitrate concentration of standard water samples were basically correspondent with the original values during the experiment.For samples of natural water,with the frozen time of 2 days,the nitrate concentrations were higher than the original values;and they were lower than the original values with the longer frozen time in the next 2 days.

Until to the end of the 20th century,mangrove wetlands on Qi'ao Island have been severely damaged.Spartinaalterniflora invaded on the beach,a lot of work have been done by relevant personage.The results of mangrove wetland vegetation community types, introduction of mangrove and semi-mangrove plants,prevention and treatment of Spartinaalterniflora,invasive potential of alien species Sonneratiaapetala,ecological services of mangrove wetlantsand chilling injury of mangrove plants on Qi'ao Island in 2008 have been summarized by the essay,and it has certain instructive effect on the restoration of mangrove wetlands in other places of South China.

Ecotone is a transition zone of adjacent ecosystems,where ecological structure and function change rapidly over time and across space,and rich biodiversity is presented.Moreover,the ecotone is sensitive to global climate change.Ecotone location and width quantification is important for studying the ecological process.It is also very importance for biodiversity conservation,forest ecosystem management,the fragmented habitat restoration,and nature reserves management zone design.Due to the complexity and scale dependence of ecotone,and also affected by both natural and human disturbance factors,there are no accepted principles and methods for quantifying the ecotone's location,width,and change.New methods need to be developed in future studies.Base on a large number of literatures review,in this paper we presents the drawbacks and merits of the current methods for ecotone width quantification,and analyzes the influencing factors.Finally,we offer some syntheses and perspectives regarding for the ecotone width quantification research in the future.