Ecological characteristics of Pinus kwangtungensis community at Yangdongshan-Shierdushui Nature Reserve, Lechang, Guangdong were studied by using the quardat method. The results showed that there are 152 species of vascular plants in 54 families in a sampling area of 2000 m², including two species of national protected plant Pinus kwangtungensis and Fokienia hodginsⅡ. The Simpson and the Shannon-Wiener indexes of species diversity are 0.866 and 3.966, respectively. The dominant families are Theaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, and Ericaceae, etc. Most of the floristic of family are Pan-tropical and North temperate distributing types, which showed the characteristics of transition from south subtropical to mid-subtropical elements. Analysis on the age structure of the population indicated that Pinus kwangtungensis is a decay population in this nature reserve, which has few young individual, and likely to be replaced by other latifoliate floristic species in the future. In order to protect the rare and endangered species, Pinus kwangtungensis, the most important thing is to protect the habitats, taking necessary measure if possible.