Shenzhen Bay is one of the most important wintering ground of the endangered Black-faced Spoonbill. In the winter of 1999-2000, 178 Black-faced Spoonbill (25% of the world population of the species) wintered in Shenzhen Bay. Over the years, the number of wintering Black-faced Spoonbill of Shenzhen Bay has gradually increased. One possible factor for such an increase is the deterioration of surrounding wetland habitats, which forces the Black-faced Spoonbill to aggregate at Shenzhen Bay. The rapid shrinking of its essential living environment will jeopardize the long-term survival of the species. In view of the threats and problems facing the Shenzhen Bay ecosystem, the authors provide suggestions for the protection of the wetland environment.