The effects of oil spill on marine organisms and marine ecosystems have been reviewed.The oil spill accidents in waters of Pearl River estuary in recent years have been summarized.The potential adverse effects of oil spills on the ecosystem of Pearl River estuary have been mentioned.
[5] D'Adamo R,Pelosi S,Trotta P,et al.1997.Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic organisms[J].Mar.Chem.56:45~49.
[6] Kadhim M A.1990.Methodologies for monitoring the genetic effects of mutagens and carcinogens accumulated in the body of marine mussels[J].Rev.Aquat.Sci.2:83-107.
[7] Downs C A,Shigenaka G,Fauth J E,et al.2002.Cellular physiological assessment of bivalves after chronic exposure to spilled Exxon Valdez crude oil using a novel molecular diagnostic biotechnology[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.36:2987~2993.
[8] Oliver B G,Niimi A J.1988.Trophodynamic analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Lake Ontario ecosystem[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.22:388~397.
[9] Spies R B,Rice J D W,et al.1988.Effects of organic contaminants on reproduction of the starry flounder Platichthys stellatus in San Francisco Bay:I.Hepatic contamination and mixed function oxidase(MFO) activity during the reproductive season[J].Mar.Biol.,98:181-189.
[10] Livingstone D R.1998.The fate of organic xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems:quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish Comp[J].Biochem.Physiol.,A 120:43-49.
[11] Beatriz P C,Blanca L,Eduardo P,et al.2004.Evaluation of PAH bioaccumulation and DNA damage in mussels(Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to spilled Prestige crude oil[J].Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,Part C 138:453-460.
[12] McGurk M D and Brown E D.1996.Egg~larval mortality of Pacific herring in Prince William Sound,Alaska,after the Exxon Valdez oil spill[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,53(10):2343~2354.
[13] Norcross B L,Hose J E,Frandsen M,et al.1996.Distribution,abundance,morphological condition,and cytogenetic abnormalities of larval herring in Prince William Sound,Alaska,following the Exxon Valdez oil spill[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,53(10):2376~2387.
[14] Hose J E,Mcgurk M D,Marty G D,et al.1996.Sublethal effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on herring embryos and larvae morphological,cytogenetic,and histopathological assessments,1989-1991[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,53(10):2355~2365.
[15] Sean Y S,Johnson L L,Horness B H,et al.2000.Relationship Between Oil Exposure and Reproductive Parameters in Fish Collected Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill[J].Mar.Pollut.Bull.,40(12):1139~1147.
[16] Casillas E,Misitano D,Johnson L L,et al.1991.Inducibility of spawning and reproductive success of female English sole(Parophrys vetulus) from urban and nonurban areas of Puget Sound,Washington[J].Mar.Environ.Res.31:99~122.
[17] Johnson L,Casillas E,Collier T,et al.1988.Contaminant e.ects on ovarian maturation in English sole(Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound,Washington[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,45:2133~2146.
[18] Swanson P,Bernard M G,Nozaki M,et al.1989.Gonadotropins Ⅰ and li in juvenile coho salmon[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,7:169~176.
[19] Stagg R M,Robinson C,McIntosh A M,et al.1998.The Effects of the ‘Braer' Oil Spill,Shetland Isles,Scotland,on P4501A in Farmed Atlantic Salmon(Salmo salar) and the Common Dab(Limanda limanda)[J].Mar.Environ.Res.,46(1~5):301~306.
[20] 李冠国,范振刚.2004.海洋生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.248~275.
[21] Stekoll M S and Deysher L.2000.Response of the Dominant Alga Fucus gardneri(Silva)(Phaeophyceae) to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Clean-up[J].Mar.Pollut.Bull.,40(11):1028~1041.
[22] Shi X Y,Wang X L,Han X R.2001.Relationship between petroleum hydrocarbon and plankton in a mesocolon experiment[J].Acta Oceanol Sin.,20(2):231~240.
[23] Guzman H M,Burns K A,Jackson J B C.1994.Injury,regeneration and growth of Caribbean reef corals after a major oil spill in Panama[J].Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.,105:231~241.
[24] Guzman H M,Jackson J B C,Weil E.1991.Ecological consequences of a major oil spill on Panamanian subtidal reef corals[J].Coral Reefs.10:1~12.
[25] Guzman H M and Holst I.1993.Effects of chronic oil sediments pollution on the reproduction of Caribbean reef coral-Siderastrea sidera[J].Mar.Pollut.Bull.26:276~282.
[26] Nansingh P and Jurawan S.1999.Environmental Sensitivity of a Tropical Coastline(Trinidad,West Indies) to Oil Spills[J].Spill Sci.Technol.Bull.,5(2):161~172.
[27] Qianxin L,Mendelssohn I A.1996.A comparative investigation of the effects of South Louisana crude oil on the vegetation of fresh,brackish and salt marshes[J].Mar.Pollut.Bull.,32:202~209.
[28] Proffitt C E,Devlin D J,lindsy M.1995.Effects of oil on mangrove seedlings grown under different environmental conditions[J].Mar.Pollut.Bull,30:778~793.
[29] Burns K A,Garrity S D,Levings S C.1993.How many years until mangrove ecosystems recover from catastrophic oil spills[J].Mar.Pollut.Bull,26:239~248.