In this paper, the ecological effects of Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou railway electrification project, including negative effects and positive effects (e.g. improving water and atmosphere quality) were quantitively analyzed. The results showed that during the reconstruction period:1) the vegetation biomass lost 334.5t; 2) the reconstruction project incurred 689.0tsoil and water loss. After the electrification project was finished, the amount of water contaminant discharge in production sewage significantly decreased in Longchuan locomotive depot. The annual discharge amount of oil, COD, SS would reduce 21.9 kg, 76.1kg and 145.3kg, respectively. Moreover, the annual emission amount of CO, NO_x, SO₂, soot and C_nH_m would reduce 153.211, 1085.42t, 47.471,328t and 110.06t, respectively because electric traction was applied. The electrification reconstruction project of Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou railway would bring great ecological, economic and social benefit to the regions along the railway.