贵州省环境中汞污染现状与分布特征

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摘要

贵州是我国汞矿的主要产地,其储量和产量均居全国首位,因此造成了该区域环境受到广泛的汞污染。从大的区域尺度上研究汞的污染分布特征对于了解该区域汞的污染现状有很好的指导作用。通过对贵州省汞污染源及各环境介质中汞污染情况的调查,首先阐释了万山、务川、滥木厂等几个主要汞矿区及燃煤和有机化工等行业的汞污染现状;并从大气、土壤和水体等环境介质方面综合分析了贵州地区汞的暴露水平与分布特征;采用ArcGIS 10.0描绘了各环境介质中总汞及甲基汞的分布特征。结果表明贵州省东北部与西南部汞矿区汞污染程度较高,大气、土壤和水体中的总汞分布呈明显的区域性,汞矿毗邻区域明显高于其他区域,矿区和城镇水体中甲基汞浓度较高,表明汞矿区和人为活动等因素影响水体中的甲基汞的分布。

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关键词 ：贵州省, 汞, 污染现状, 分布特征

Abstract：

Guizhou is the greatest mercury (Hg) production center in China, and it's also the most serious Hg pollution area. Hg pollution study in a large regional scale was necessary. Through the investigation of Hg pollution source and environmental media in Guizhou, the Hg pollution in Wanshan, Wuchuan and Lanmuchang Hg mining areas, coal combustion and organic chemical plants was interpreted, and the distribution of Hg and methymercury (MeHg) in atmosphere, water and soils was presented by ArcGIS software to illustrate the pollution of Hg in Guizhou Province. The results showed that serious mercury pollution was appeared in those Hg mining areas located in the Northeast and Southwest of Guizhou Province. It is obvious that the total Hg concentrations in contaminated sites were regionally higher than other places. High MeHg concentrations were presented in urban rivers as well as waters close to mining areas, indicating that the distribution of MeHg in waters should be related to the mining and human living.

Key words： Guizhou province Hg pollution distribution

收稿日期: 2013-04-25

X50

基金资助:国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项(2010ZX07212-007-001)

引用本文:

李强, 郭飞, 莫测辉, 赵鑫, 张瑞卿, 廖海清*. 贵州省环境中汞污染现状与分布特征[J]. , 2013, 32(2): 235-240.
LI Qiang, GUO Fei, MO Ce-hui, ZHAO Xin, ZHANG Rui-qing, LIAO Hai-qing. A study of distribution of environmental mercury in Guizhou Province. , 2013, 32(2): 235-240.

链接本文:

http://www.ecolsci.com/CN/Y2013/V32/I2/235

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